21. As a result of the Civil War, vacancies in traditional male jobs were often filled by
a. immigrants.
b. women.
c. slaves.
d. indentured servants.
e. children.
22. __________ claimed that the Civil War advanced by 50 years the progress of women in
gaining social and economic equality.
a. Ethel Rosenbaum
b. Clara Barton
c. Abraham Lincoln
d. Mary Todd Lincoln
e. Frederick Douglass
23. Who was the only woman to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor for her service in
the Civil War?
a. Dorothea Dix
b. Cady Stanton
c. Elizabeth B. Anthony
d. Mary Edwards Walker
e. Clara Barton
24. What did the Pacific Railway Act, Homestead Act, Morrill Land Grant College Act, and
National Banking Act all have in common?
a. A Democrat-dominated Congress enacted them without Lincoln’s support.
b. Congress drafted this legislation only after the Union had won the war and reorganized
the government.
c. They reflected the belief of Republicans that an activist federal government could
promote economic development.
d. They contributed to the deterioration of the national economy and the smaller role of the
federal government.
e. They helped cause United States manufacturers to be the least protected in the world in
terms of foreign imports.
25. As southern states began to secede in 1860, the U.S. Congress focused on __________ to
finance a potential war.
a. generous donations from wealthy businessmen
b. confiscating private property
c. creating a personal income tax
d. obtaining loans from Great Britain
e. taxes, paper money, and government bonds
26. What did the Confederacy do by 1863 because it was desperate for money by 1863?
a. It declared itself insolvent.
b. It tried to tax nearly everything.
c. It asked the Union for a loan.
d. It tried to sell New Mexico to Mexico for $20 million.
e. It printed $100 million in paper money to be circulated.
27. Because of the economic distress of the Confederacy,
a. rapid inflation occurred.
b. the Confederate Congress taxed far less.
c. the Confederacy was forced to surrender prematurely.
d. rapid deflation occurred.
e. the prices of goods plummeted.
28. Which of the following statements about Copperhead Democrats is accurate?
a. They were Democrats in southern states who supported the Union.
b. They included major politicians such as Abraham Lincoln.
c. They were influential members of Congress who formally declared war in the South.
d. They lived in the North and openly sympathized with the Confederacy.
e. They led the initiative to enact the Habeas Corpus Act of 1863.
29. As the Civil War dragged on, Confederate President Jefferson Davis faced criticism because
of
a. food shortages and high prices.
b. his indecisiveness.
c. his lack of military experience.
d. his emphasis on states’ rights and disregard for the Confederate government.
e. the secretiveness of his administration.
30. The defeat of the Confederate forces at __________ effectively broke the Confederacy in
two.
a. Chancellorsville
b. Vicksburg
c. Chattanooga
d. Atlanta
e. Gettysburg
31. Which of the following statements about the Battle of Gettysburg is accurate?
a. It was ultimately a draw.
b. It was a terrible loss for the North.
c. It was a stimulating victory for the South.
d. It was the last time the Confederacy would invade the North.
e. It ended when the Confederacy laid siege to Washington, D.C.
32. After the defeat at __________ the South had lost the war in the West.
a. Bull Run
b. Shiloh
c. Antietam
d. Chattanooga
e. Saratoga
33. In the presidential election of 1864, Radical Republicans tried to
a. recruit a southerner to the ticket.
b. prevent Lincoln’s nomination to a second term.
c. insert a pro-slavery plank into the platform.
d. split off and form a third party.
e. insert an anti-war plank into the platform.
34. What was Grant’s goal in capturing Petersburg?
a. To capture the Confederate capitol
b. To destroy the munitions plant there
c. To capture the railroad hub located there
d. To free the prisoners of war held there
e. To draw Lee away from Sherman’s march to the sea
35. In late 1864, Gen. Sherman took 60,000 troops on a __________ through Georgia in order
to wage a “modern” war against Confederate soldiers and civilians.
a. “triumphant march”
b. “scorched–earth expedition”
c. “march to the sea”
d. “foray into the wilderness”
e. “seek-and-destroy mission”
36. For revenge against the first state to secede, Union troops marched through South Carolina
in early 1865 and
a. destroyed the entire cotton crop.
b. burned all cotton gins and textile mills.
c. captured and imprisoned all men under 35.
d. burned more than a dozen towns.
e. court-martialed and shot anyone in uniform.
37. Officially, the Civil War came to an end at
a. Chattanooga.
b. Richmond.
c. Palmito Ranch.
d. Appomattox Court House.
e. Washington, D.C.
38. By the end of the Civil War, the North had become a modern industrial region, whereas the
South’s economy was
a. stagnant.
b. not as good, but fair considering the circumstances.
c. just beginning to recover.
d. becoming a modern agricultural region.
e. cut in half.
39. As a result of the Civil War the political balance in the United States
a. shifted from North to South.
b. shifted from South to North.
c. became frozen in a politically destructive atmosphere.
d. shifted from East to West.
e. shifted from West to East.
40. Which of the following were new industries developing after the Civil War?
a. Railroads and canal construction
b. Textiles and cigarettes
c. Whaling and shipbuilding
d. Sawmills and flour mills
e. Steel and petroleum
41. The greatest killer in the Civil War was
a. the Union.
b. the Confederates.
c. disease.
d. the bayonet.
e. the cannon.
42. Which of the following were occupations that opened up for women because of the Civil
War?
a. Nurses, managers, and ministers
b. Attorneys and physicians
c. Engineers, accountants, and bankers
d. Editors and reporters
e. Telegraph operators and teachers
43. Which amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
a. Twelfth Amendment
b. Thirteenth Amendment
c. Fourteenth Amendment
d. Fifteenth Amendment
e. Sixteenth Amendment
44. Which of the following was the reason Robert E. Lee gave for the South’s defeat?
a. The North’s overwhelming numbers and resources
b. Ineffective southern leadership at the end of the war.
c. An inexperienced president
d. Lack of transportation in the South
e. A Confederate congress that tried to conduct the war “on the cheap”
1. What were the advantages of the North and the South at the beginning of the Civil War?
How did they affect the military strategies and the ultimate outcome of the conflict?
2. Why did President Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation? What were the social and
political effects of the document?
3. Discuss the role black soldiers played in the Civil War. How widespread was their use, and
how were they received by their fellow soldiers?
4. In what ways can the Civil War be considered the first “modern” war?
5. Explain how the Civil War changed both northern and southern society. Discuss social,
political, and economic issues.
MATCHING
Match each person with one of the following descriptions.
a. Served as Lincoln’s second vice president
b. Famously stood with his Confederate soldiers like a stone wall at the battle of Bull Run
c. Became one of the leaders of the Radical Republicans
d. Led a “march to the sea” to destroy the South
e. Devised the Union’s “anaconda strategy”
f. Was the 1864 Democratic presidential candidate
g. Was a Civil War nurse who later founded the American Red Cross
h. Served as a Union admiral and captured New Orleans
i. Served as a Union general and made a grave strategic mistake at Fredericksburg
j. Was a Civil War nurse who had been born into slavery and later ran a school for freedpeople
1. David Farragut
2. Thomas Jackson
3. Andrew Johnson
4. Ambrose Burnside
5. George B. McClellan
6. Winfield Scott
7. William T. Sherman
8. Clara Barton
9. Thaddeus Stevens
10. Susie King Taylor