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CHAPTER 12 1982–1989, Heavy Metal, Rap, and
IndieRock
1982–1989, Heavy Metal, Rap, and IndieRock | 153
CHAPTER 12: Heavy Metal, Rap, and Indie Rock
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. All of the following are considered the early roots of the heavy metal style of music EXCEPT the
a. showmanship of Alice Cooper.
b. heavy Gothic quality of Black Sabbath.
c. progressive rock use of synthesizers by groups such as Yes.
d. heavier musical side of Led Zeppelin’s songs.
2. The negative stereotypes of heavy metal fans include
a. laziness, vulgarity, and ignorance.
b. loyalty and dedication.
c. sensitivity and faithfulness to bands.
d. rejection of the status quo.
3. All of the following were part of the “new wave of British heavy metal” EXCEPT
a. Iron Maiden. c. Judas Priest.
b. Def Leppard. d. Mötley Crüe.
4. Which singer replaced David Lee Roth in Van Halen?
a. Steve Vai c. Vince Neil
b. Sammy Hagar d. Dee Snider
5. Quiet Riot had a successful hit with which cover song?
a. “Cum On Feel the Noize” c. “Photograph”
b. “Every Rose Has Its Thorn” d. “Shout at the Devil”
6. Why was Bon Jovi NOT considered a heavy metal band by some?
a. The band had too much of a country music influence.
b. The band did not write its own songs.
c. Heavy metal fans considered the band’s sound too pop-oriented.
d. The band’s albums and hit songs were on top of the charts in the United States and the
United Kingdom.
7. Which band wore makeup, outrageous clothes, and heavily teased hair?
a. Mötley Crüe c. the Pixies
b. Nirvana d. Alice in Chains
8. Lemmy Kilmister formed which band?
a. Metallica c. Megadeth
b. Mötley Crüe d. Motörhead
9. All of the following are considered “thrash metal” artists EXCEPT
a. Slayer. c. Mötley Crüe.
b. Anthrax. d. Metallica.
10. Megadeth is an example of
a. hair metal. c. speed metal.
b. thrash metal. d. blues metal.
11. The origins of rap music are considered to have developed
a. in Southern California.
b. in black communities in Detroit.
c. in New York City’s African American and Latino communities.
d. on Chicago’s South Side.
12. “Break spinning” is a technique that involves
a. incorporating little-known music.
b. using catchy instrumental passages and extending the music between two turntables.
c. rotating a record in reverse and then forward.
d. commenting on music and encouraging listener participation.
13. “Master of the record” was a nickname for
a. Grandmaster Flash. c. Afrika Bambaataa.
b. Kool Herc. d. KRS-One.
14. The Sugar Hill Gang became popular for recording which song?
a. “Rapper’s Delight” c. “I Need Love”
b. “The Message” d. “Walk This Way”
15. Def Jam Records was created by
a. Joe and Sylvia Robinson.
b. Kurtis Blow and Russell Simmons.
c. Rick Rubin and Russell Simmons.
d. Darryl McDaniels and Rick Rubin.
16. Which rap record was the first to hit number one on the pop album chart?
a. Raising Hell c. Criminal Minded
b. Fear of a Black Planet d. Licensed to Ill
17. Which Ice-T song samples Curtis Mayfield’s “Pusherman”?
a. “I’m Your Pusher” c. “O.G. Original Gangsta”
b. “Don’t Believe the Hype” d. “Fuck Tha Police”
18. Which of the following is NOT a critique of rap music?
a. It is viewed as “not music” because rappers do not play instruments.
b. The music industry worried about it outselling rock records.
c. It is often thought of as incorporating offensive and vulgar words.
d. It is viewed as misogynistic and violent.
19. Which band was led by guitarist Peter Buck and vocalist Michael Stipe?
a. the Pixies c. Dinosaur Jr.
b. R.E.M. d. Sonic Youth
20. Surfer Rosa and Doolittle were wildly successful albums in England and became landmarks of the
American indie scene in the late 1980s for which band?
a. Dinosaur Jr. c. the Cure
b. Sebadoh d. the Pixies
21. Which R.E.M. album reached number one on both sides of the Atlantic?
a. Document c. Out of Time
b. Radio Free Europe d. Green
22. The song “Teen Age Riot” was iconic for which of the following bands?
a. R.E.M. c. the Smiths
b. Dinosaur Jr. d. Sonic Youth
23. Which band combined the songwriting of Johnny Marr and Morrissey?
a. the Cure c. Sonic Youth
b. the Smiths d. the Pixies
24. Which hardcore band had a performance on Saturday Night Live that went awry?
a. the Germs c. the Circle Jerks
b. Fear d. Black Flag
25. Which group was NOT a part of the D.C. hardcore scene?
a. Bad Brains c. the Minutemen
b. Teen Idles d. Minor Threat
26. Which group is cited as the earliest form of heavy metal?
a. Black Sabbath c. Iron Butterfly
b. KISS d. Def Leppard
27. Which heavy metal group was the first to reach megastar success?
a. KISS c. Bon Jovi
b. Guns N’ Roses d. Iron Butterfly
28. All of the following were on the hip-hop label Def Jam Records EXCEPT
a. LL Cool J. c. Public Enemy.
b. the Beastie Boys. d. N.W.A.
29. Bret Michaels was a singer for which group?
a. Poison c. Warrant
b. KISS d. Skid Row
30. Who was dubbed the “messiah of melancholy”?
a. Morrissey c. Robert Smith
b. Michael Stipe d. Thurston Moore
31. From which of the following countries did hip-hop DJs adapt a practice of carrying their own sound
system?
a. Jamaica c. Puerto Rico
b. Mexico d. Brazil
32. Run-DMC frequently used the opening drumbeat from “Walk This Way” by
a. Deep Purple. c. Black Sabbath.
b. Aerosmith. d. Bon Jovi.
33. “Fight the Power,” which makes direct reference to the black power movement, is a single by
a. N.W.A. c. Public Enemy.
b. Michael Stipe. d. Ice-T.
1. Iron Butterfly’s song ________ is often viewed as a precursor to later heavy metal music.
2. After leaving Black Sabbath, ________ went on to a successful solo career working with guitarist
Randy Rhoads.
3. The Guns N’ Roses album ________ featured the hit song “Sweet Child O’ Mine.”
4. How does heavy metal music relate to elements found in the hippie aesthetic?
5. The song “Rapper’s Delight” samples the song ________ by Chic.
6. How was Def Jam Records similar to Motown?
7. How were rap and heavy metal similar during the 1980s?
8. Who was Ian MacKaye?
9. Name two bands that were important to the Twin Cities punk scene.
10. What was “college rock”?
11. ________ was a rap show on MTV dedicated to playing rap videos exclusively.
12. Vince Neil and Tommy Lee are both members of which band?
13. What types of themes did Bon Jovi focus on in their music?
14. Name three bands that were known for speed metal.
15. What was break dancing?
MATCHING
Match the item to the description below.
a. a rap ballad by LL Cool J
b. member of Public Enemy
c. among the first to use digital sampling
d. a style of song where a singer demonstrates his sensitive side
e. album by Public Enemy
f. community organization created by Afrika Bambaataa
g. album by N.W.A.
h. rotating a record in reverse and forward directions
i. named female rapper of the year by Rolling Stone in 1990
j.
style of music known for fast tempos and virtuosic guitar solos
1. power ballads
2. speed metal
3. Zulu Nation
4. scratching
5. “I Need Love”
6. the Beastie Boys
7. Fear of a Black Planet
8. Queen Latifah
9. Flavor Flav
10. Straight Outta Compton
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ESSAY
1. How did heavy metal develop from the 1970s to the 1980s? What are the roots of heavy metal, and
how are its foundations related to the hippie aesthetic? Discuss the important trends, musical styles,
bands, and musicians of heavy metal. Also explain what many believe caused heavy metal to recede
from mainstream music.
ANS:
answers vary
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
2. Trace the development of rap in relation to the hip-hop culture of the 1970s to a mainstream musical
style of the 1980s. What are the important musical elements and performance techniques associated
with rap music, and which individuals contributed to these developments? How did rap music break
into the mainstream? Be sure to cite specific people, artists, and appropriate songs that demonstrate
the lineage of rap music during this period.
ANS:
answers vary
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
3. Draw parallels between heavy metal and rap music. Which aspects of these two musical styles are
similar with regard to lyrical content, imagery, and issues related to their respective audiences? Be
sure to cite specific examples in your answer.
ANS:
answers vary
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
4. Discuss the development of indie and college rock during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Which
bands and artists were significant to this style? Which cities across the United States were important
to the spread of this music? Include in your response how underground music from the UK became
important to college rock.
ANS:
answers vary
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
5. Discuss the controversy over rap in the 1980s. What were some of the criticisms levied against rap
artists during this time? How did the lyrical content of rap music come under fire? In what ways did
race and class account for some of the tensions over rap?
ANS:
answers vary
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
TRUE/FALSE
1. Heavy metal developed out of the harder, more aggressive aspects of rock from the 1960s and 1970s.
2. Many metal bands tried to avoid instrumental virtuosity and technically demanding instrumental
performance.
3. During the early years of hip-hop, there were no hip-hop records; it was strictly a live affair that you
had to experience in person.
4. Headbangers’ Ball was a show on MTV that played rap videos exclusively.
5. Axl Rose is a singer for the band Guns N’ Roses.
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6. The most important rap label of the early 1980s was Sugar Hill.
7. East Coast rap from the late 1980s and early 1990s depicted graphic and angry themes and was known
as “gangsta rap.”
8. Although it had become an important underground movement in the 1980s, hardcore punk never
appeared on national charts.
9. In many ways, college rock got its start in Amherst, Massachusetts, with a local band called R.E.M.
10. “No Wave” was a punk reaction to the commercial rise of new wave.
11. Scandinavia was perhaps the most noteworthy region of the world to embrace the style of heavy
metal.
12. By the end of the 1980s, digital sampling was NOT a widespread practice among rappers.