TEST BANK
W • W • NORTON & COM PANY, INC. • NEW YORK • LONDON
Bn
By Joe Gennaro
UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA
To Accompany
What’s That Sound?
An Introduction to Rock
and Its History
FIFTH EDITION
By
John Covach and Andrew Flory
W.W. Norton & Com pany has been in de pen dent since its founding in 1923, when William Warder Norton and MaryD.
Herter Norton first published lectures delivered at the People’s Institute, the adult education division of New York City’s Coo–
per Union. The firm soon expanded their program beyond the Institute, publishing books by celebrated academics from Amer-
i ca and abroad. By mid- century, the two major pillars of Norton’s publishing program— trade books and college texts— were
firmly established. In the 1950s, the Norton family transferred control of the com pany to its employees, and today— with a
staff of four hundred and a comparable number of trade, college, and professional titles published each year— W.W. Norton &
Com pany stands as the largest and oldest publishing house owned wholly by its employees.
iii
Introduction | Studying Rock 1
Chapter1 | Roots–1955, The World before Rock and Roll 14
Chapter2 | 1955–1960, The Birth and First Flourishing of Rock and Roll 27
Chapter3 | 1959–1963, The Demise of Rock and the Promise of Soul 40
Chapter4 | 1964–1966, The Beatles and the British Invasion 52
Chapter5 | 1964–1966, American Responses 64
Chapter6 | 1960–1970, Motown Pop and Southern Soul 77
Chapter7 | 1966–1969, Psychedelia 90
Chapter8 | 1970–1975, The Growing Rock Monster 102
Chapter9 | 1970–1980, Black Pop, Reggae, and the Rise of Disco 115
Chapter10 | 1975–1980, Mainstream Rock, Punk, and New Wave 127
Chapter11 | 1980–1990, I Want My MTV 139
Chapter12 | 1982–1989, Heavy Metal, Rap, and Indie Rock 152
Chapter13 | 1990–1999 Alternative Rock and Rock Alternatives 164
Chapter14 | 1990–1999, Widening Gaps 176
Chapter15 | 2000– pres ent, Rock Traditions and the Business of Change 188
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION Studying Rock
2 | Introduction
INTRODUCTION: Studying Rock
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The study of musical form includes
a. the meaning of lyrics.
b. how sections are organized to create a larger structure.
c. studying the types of instruments used in a song.
d. how musicians create different versions of the same song.
2. The 12-bar blues form consists of
a. call-and-response. c. three groups of four phrases.
b. a group of three phrases. d. four groups of four phrases.
3. A chord is a
a. series of single notes that create a key.
b. combination of notes played together.
c. scale organized in a key.
d. series of 12 notes played in succession.
4. How does Jackie Brenston’s “Rocket ‘88’” break with standard blues practices?
a. It inserts additional instrument solos.
b. It uses the same pattern for each verse.
c. It uses different chord progressions for each verse.
d. It does not follow a question/question/answer pattern.
5. The “doo-wop progression” consists of a
a. series of four chords.
b. combination of four phrases.
c. series of alternating choruses with verses.
d. progression of lyrics to determine the song format.
6. One of the most common musical forms found in Tin Pan Alley songs is
a. doo-wop progression. c. AABA form.
b. simple verse form. d. simple verse-chorus form.
7. All of the following songs use the 12-bar blues format EXCEPT
a. “Johnny B. Goode.” c. “Shake, Rattle, and Roll.”
b. “Can the Circle Be Unbroken.” d. “Rocket ‘88.’”
8. Buddy Holly’s “That’ll Be the Day” is an example of
a. 12-bar blues. c. simple verse form.
b. contrasting verse-chorus. d. doo-wop progression.
9. Which of the following songs employs a full reprise?
a. “All I Have to Do Is Dream” by the Everly Brothers
b. “Can the Circle Be Unbroken” by the Carter Family
c. “That’ll Be the Day” by the Crickets
d. “Great Balls of Fire” by Jerry Lee Lewis
10. A simple verse structure has
a. alternating verses and choruses.
b. no chord progression.
c. a complex use of choruses and verses.
d. no chorus.
11. All of the following are used by a drummer EXCEPT the
a. high-hat. c. synthesizer.
b. tom-toms. d. cymbals.
12. Which part of a drum set does a drummer often use to play the fastest notes?
a. snare drum c. bass drum
b. tom-toms d. high-hat
13. The job of the bass player is to
a. act as a bridge between the harmonic and rhythmic sections.
b. establish meter and rhythm.
c. fill in the remaining space between drumbeats.
d. add a melodic element to instrumental solos.
14. Prior to the early 1960s, the bass guitar usually
a. was not used.
b. was an acoustic upright bass that could be amplified if necessary.
c. performed a majority of the instrumental solos.
d. provided rhythmic drive for the instrumental soloists.
15. Which instrument rounds out harmony by playing full chords?
a. bass guitar c. rhythm guitar
b. drums d. saxophone
16. Which of the following instruments can be used along with, or in place of, a rhythm guitar?
a. piano c. bass
b. drums d. vocals
17. In addition to conveying the lyrics of a song, the lead singer’s role is to
a. provide vocal harmony to melodies.
b. support the rhythmic drive with bass notes.
c. give rhythmic propulsion that drives the tempo of the music.
d. create melodic interest.
18. One of the purposes of an instrumental solo is to
a. bring attention to lyrics being performed by a lead singer.
b. harmonize with the rhythm section.
c. create musical contrast so the return of the vocals will sound fresh.
d. add harmonic interest by playing riffs.
19. Which instrument(s) is/are often added to tracks to provide an additional “punch” to the music?
a. strings c. horns
b. a ride cymbal d. a synthesizer
20. The song “Smoke on the Water” by Deep Purple begins with
a. an organ playing rhythmic chords.
b. the lead vocalist singing the first verse supported by a rhythm guitar.
c. the electric guitar playing a solo, blues-inspired riff.
d. all the instrumentalists performing the same chords and rhythms.
21. The form of “Smoke on the Water” by Deep Purple is
a. simple verse-chorus. c. AABA.
b. 12-bar blues. d. contrasting verse-chorus.
22. In “Smoke on the Water” by Deep Purple, which instrument performs the role of the rhythm guitar?
a. saxophone c. electric guitar
b. organ d. bass guitar
23. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the guitar and bass parts in the first
verse of “Smoke on the Water” by Deep Purple?
a. “rhythm guitar” role
b. sustained rhythm parts
c. they are playing almost the same part
d. bass part moves faster than guitar part
24. Using the recording studio as an “audio snapshot” involves
a. exploiting all the possibilities of sound.
b. re-creating sounds that could not be performed live.
c. re-creating a live recording as faithfully as possible.
d. mixing instruments not usually conducive to a live setting.
25. When recording music with the “audio snapshot” approach, which element is necessary in a space to
re-create the live sound?
a. a high amount of reverb c. porous surfaces to absorb sounds
b. good acoustical balance d. ambience
26. A sound engineer might artificially create a room sound through electronic means by using the
effect of
a. echo. c. timbre.
b. reverb. d. stereo.
27. During the first decade of rock’s inception, most of the music was recorded in
a. mono. c. hi-fi.
b. stereo. d. digital audio workstations.
28. Which of the following dimensions of recorded sound is NOT controlled from a mixing board?
a. acoustics c. ambience
b. overall volume d. stereo placement
29. The structure of compound AABA form means
a. each section is simple verse-chorus.
b. each section of the AABA form is made of a larger verse and chorus.
c. each section has a contrasting verse chorus.
d. each section of the AABA form is made of smaller verse and chorus sections.
30. One of the important dance shows that became nationally syndicated during the 1950s was
a. Dance Party USA. c. American Bandstand.
b. Solid Gold. d. Soul Train.
31. Verses and choruses based on the same music are an example of which formal type?
a. simple verse c. contrasting verse-chorus
b. simple verse-chorus d. AABA
32. The ability to artificially create a room sound is referred to as
a. echo. c. ambience.
b. reverb. d. timbre.
33. A coda is used in music to
a. introduce new melodies. c. prepare the bridge.
b. round off a tune. d. modulate to another key.
SHORT ANSWER
1. How is the 12-bar blues pattern defined?
2. What does the designation AABA mean in musical form?
3. “Can the Circle Be Unbroken” by the Carter Family is an example of ________ form.
4. What is the difference between a simple verse-chorus and a contrasting verse-chorus?
5. What is a full reprise?
6. What is the principal task of the rhythm section in a rock band?
7. Bass players will create their part around the rhythmic pattern played on the ________, stressing those
notes rhythmically while filling in the other notes to provide an interesting bass line.
8. Explain the role of the rhythm section during an instrumental solo.
9. Horn sections are used frequently to give a tune a little more ________.
10. What are two principal ways to think of recordings?
11. What is the main difference between mono and stereo?
12. A ________ is a section that repeats the same music and lyrics intact in each presentation.
13. How is compound AABA form defined?
14. What were three forms of video-based media that were important to the spread of rock?
15. “Josie,” by Steely Dan, is an example of ________ form.
10 | Introduction
MATCHING
Match the item to the description below.
a. one speaker for playback
b. creates a room sound through electronic means
c. combinations of notes played together
d. two sonic images of the same event
e. the “space” between stereo speakers
f. the tone color of an instrument
g. controls EQ, ambience/volume, and stereo placement
h. adjusting the timbre of each recorded sound
i. term used in recording to designate a recorded part
j.
a lower or higher version of the same note
1. echo
2. reverb
3. timbre
4. EQ
5. sonic landscape
6. mixing board
7. monophonic sound
8. octave
9. track
10. chords
Studying Rock | 11
ESSAY
1. Compare the 12-bar blues and doo-wop forms. In your comparison, note the similarities and
differences between the phrase and harmonic structures. Use roman numerals to show harmonic
structures.
ANS:
answers vary
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
2. Why is the contrasting verse-chorus form considered a more complex popular song form than a simple
verse-chorus? Use Buddy Holly’s “That’ll Be the Day” to explain your answer.
ANS:
answers vary
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
3. Explain how the rhythm section works to create a cohesive rock sound. What is the role of the drums?
Bass? Guitar?
ANS:
answers vary
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
4. Discuss the various techniques used to record rock music. Explain how specific studio effects, both
acoustic and electronic, work to create unique sounds and different “sonic landscapes” for recordings.
ANS:
answers vary
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
5. Assess some of the ways in which rock music has become available to audiences through various
forms of video-based media. How have television, film, and music videos been utilized since rock’s
inception?
ANS:
answers vary
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
TRUE/FALSE
1. In music, four measures are called a phrase.