Chapter 8 : Education
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Grade survival rates estimate:
a.
how many children actually complete a certain grade level.
b.
how many children die from disease and malnutrition at each grade level.
c.
how many grades of school the country can afford to offer.
d.
whether the grades earned continue to be valid, due to rampant grade inflation.
2. The greatest gains in secondary education, measured by gross secondary school enrollment rising from
38 percent in 1975 to 90 percent in 2005, have occurred in:
a.
Southeast Asia.
c.
sub-Saharan Africa.
b.
Latin America.
d.
the Middle East.
3. Which education indicator refers to enrollments of those in the relevant age group?
a.
gross enrollment rates
c.
grade survival rates
b.
net enrollment rates
d.
learning outcomes
4. Using standard methods to measure benefits and costs, the private rate of return on education cannot
be less than the social rate of return because:
a.
benefits of education accrue to the individual, not to society.
b.
individuals otherwise would choose not to go to school.
c.
social costs include public-sector outlays as well as private costs of schooling.
d.
all of the above.
5. In the past 50 years, what has happened to the gender gap in education?
a.
It has been declining.
b.
It has been rising.
c.
It has stayed the same.
d.
It has had a mixed response, first declining, then rising.
6. The goal of the Programme for International Student Assessment is to assess how well 15-year-olds,
who are approaching the end of their compulsory schooling year, can:
a.
read and write at a fourth-grade level.
b.
successfully acquire a paying job at home or abroad.
c.
meet the challenges of today’s societies.
d.
be willing and able to move onto the next level of education.
7. In low-income countries, the demand for education:
a.
remains high across all segments of the population.
b.
is confined mostly to urban areas.
c.
is confined mostly to social elites, both urban and rural.
d.
is not very strong, due to poverty and hopelessness.
8. For the students’ families in developing countries, the main implicit cost of secondary education is:
a.
required school fees.
b.
earnings or work at home forgone when the student attends school.
c.
the cost of textbooks.
d.
incidental costs like school uniforms and transportation.
9. In low-income countries, the social rate of return generally is highest for investment in:
a.
university education.
c.
vocational education.
b.
primary education.
d.
adult education.
10. The social return to educating women may exceed that of educating men for all of the following
reasons EXCEPT:
a.
educating women reduces child mortality.
b.
educating women reduces fertility.
c.
educating women reduces the spread of HIV/AIDS.
d.
educating women leads them to earn a higher income than men.
11. Rates of return on schooling depend on what happens in:
a.
the demographics of marriage in the country.
b.
secondary and tertiary educational outcomes.
c.
both school and the labor market after students graduate.
d.
regard to the average student’s body mass index by 18 years of age.
12. High unemployment rates among school leavers, including graduates of universities, often reflect
failures in promoting economic growth rather than failure in schools—this is especially true in nations
such as:
a.
Argentina and Egypt.
c.
India and Korea.
b.
Costa Rica and China.
d.
Brazil and Singapore.
13. When the private rate of return on education is much higher than the social rate of return:
a.
it is not economically efficient to expand education to the point of fully satisfying private
demand.
b.
school tuition charges need to be raised.
c.
funds should be reallocated from other types of investment to more investment in
education.
d.
the market wage exceeds the shadow price of labor.
14. Which of the following is NOT true concerning the deworming study in Kenya?
a.
Deworming is more cost-effective than free school uniforms.
b.
Deworming increased attendance.
c.
Deworming increased student learning as measured by test scores at the time of treatment.
d.
Deworming increased student concentration levels when they were in school.
15. The introduction of textbooks improved reading scores for all students in:
a.
Jamaica.
c.
Kenya.
b.
the Philippines.
d.
all of the above.
SHORT ANSWER
IDs and Paired-Concept Questions
These terms can be used individually as short-answer identification questions, or they can be used in
pairs. In the latter case, ask students to explain (1) the meaning and significance of each of the two
terms and (2) the relationship between them.
1. Theodore Schultz, human capital investment
ANS:
Answer will vary
2. Stocks, flows
ANS:
Answer will vary
3. Gross enrollment rates, Millennium Development goals (MDG)
ANS:
Answer will vary
4. Gender gap, gender parity
ANS:
Answer will vary
5. Social rate of return, educated unemployment
ANS:
Answer will vary
6. Explicit costs of schooling, implicit costs of schooling
ANS:
Answer will vary
7. Uniforms, students
ANS:
Answer will vary
8. Health, education
ANS:
Answer will vary
9. Deworming, attendance
ANS:
Answer will vary
10. Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Organisation for Economic Co-Operation
and Development (OECD)
ANS:
Answer will vary