Chapter 7 : Population
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. By 2008, Finland had reached the fourth stage of its demographic transition, in which its population
growth had fallen close to:
a.
5 percent.
c.
0 percent.
b.
2.2 percent.
d.
–7.5 percent.
2. In 2009, approximately what percentage of the population lived in low-income countries?
a.
15 percent
c.
70 percent
b.
50 percent
d.
84 percent
3. Which of the following statements are true about total fertility rates over the past 40 years?
a.
Higher rates of population growth are strongly associated with lower rates of economic
growth.
b.
Low-income countries have low dependency ratios.
c.
Low-income countries have higher rates of population growth.
d.
All of the above.
4. World population will continue to grow over the next 50 years for all of the following reasons
EXCEPT:
a.
the desire for large families.
b.
the failure to achieve desired amount of children.
c.
population momentum.
d.
total fertility rates in all countries will remain above their replacement levels.
5. One direct implication of the view that childbearing decisions are influenced by economic benefits and
costs is that:
a.
people will not have additional children unless they can earn a profit from doing so.
b.
social factors do not affect childbearing decisions.
c.
compulsory education will increase fertility by raising each child’s prospective earnings.
d.
fertility should fall with improved opportunities for women to work in jobs outside the
home.
6. Gary Becker’s pioneering work was actually directed at:
a.
understanding the impact of HIV/AIDS on Africa.
b.
understanding the impact of the cold war on population momentum.
c.
understanding declining fertility levels in the United States and other high-income
economies.
d.
understanding the impact of religious beliefs on population growth.
7. Most analysts still believe which of the following positions?
a.
Most developing countries remain underpopulated because of the enormous gains in
productivity made possible by modern science.
b.
Slower population growth would permit per capita income to rise more rapidly in nearly
all developing countries.
c.
High rates of population growth benefit economic development.
d.
There is no economic rationale for government intervention in population growth because
individuals properly balance costs and benefits when making decisions about family size.
8. The total fertility rate in Nigeria was 5.7 in 2009. This means that:
a.
there were 5.7 live births per 100 women of childbearing age.
b.
there were 5.7 live births per 100 women.
c.
there were 5.7 live births per 100 people.
d.
given prevailing age-specific fertility rates, the average woman in Nigeria bears 5.7
children during her reproductive years.
9. Which of the following is NOT considered a “school of thought” on population and development?
a.
population optimism
c.
population pessimism
b.
population revisionism
d.
population reactionism
10. Personalized family planning was initiated in the Matlab region of Bangladesh in the late 1970s; 20
years later, the region experienced all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
fewer children with greater spacing between them.
b.
healthier children.
c.
greater prosperity.
d.
greater difficulty in conceiving children.
11. The three reproductive norms promoted in China’s wan xi shao program after 1971 included which of
the following elements?
a.
Families should plan for longer spacing between births.
b.
Families should continue bearing children until a male child is born and then stop.
c.
China can care for all children because it has achieved the Marxist-Leninist utopia.
d.
Having no children is best.
12. China’s decline in population over the past generation can be attributed to all of the following
EXCEPT:
a.
government population policies.
b.
increased urbanization.
c.
rapid economic growth.
d.
the revival of the principles of Confucius and “social responsibility.”
13. Which of the following is NOT a lesson learned from China’s family planning policy?
a.
Economic growth at the same time helps decline in population growth.
b.
Though successful, family planning policies may have long-term consequences.
c.
Gender imbalance may result.
d.
Other nations can replicate China’s policies.
14. By missing women, economists mean:
a.
orphaned women.
b.
females who were not born because of preference for males.
c.
women who are missing from households because they are working in fields.
d.
women not accounted for by nationwide census.
15. According to United Nations’ medium projections, population growth in the developing nations of the
world will number some 2 billion more over the next:
a.
20 years.
c.
50 years.
b.
40 years.
d.
100 years.
16. As the twenty-first century moves forward, many nations in which area of the world will continue to
face high fertility and the burdens (and opportunities) of a young population?
a.
Latin America
c.
sub-Saharan Africa
b.
Southeast Asia
d.
Central Europe
SHORT ANSWER
IDs and Paired-Concept Questions
These terms can be used individually as short-answer identification questions, or they can be used in
pairs. In the latter case, ask students to explain (1) the meaning and significance of each of the two
terms and (2) the relationship between them.
1. Crude birth rate, total fertility rate
ANS:
Answer will vary
2. Crude death rate, demographic transition
ANS:
Answer will vary
3. Dependency ratio, asset accumulation
ANS:
Answer will vary
4. Rate of natural increase, decline in fertility
ANS:
Answer will vary
5. Infant death rate, life expectancy
ANS:
Answer will vary
6. Coale-Hoover model, capital widening
ANS:
Answer will vary
7. New household economics, child quality
ANS:
Answer will vary
8. Family planning, state versus personal choice
ANS:
Answer will vary
9. Implicit costs of children, explicit costs of children
ANS:
Answer will vary
10. China, India
ANS:
Answer will vary