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Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. Americans have historically seen raising children as a primary objective of marriage, but it is no longer regarded as a
primary goal of all marriages.
a. True
b. False
2. Despite the decline in marriage, over 90% of Americans marry at some point.
a. True
b. False
3. Marriage in the United States is occurring later in life now than it used to.
a. True
b. False
4. Couple satisfaction seems especially affected by equity in housework and child care.
a. True
b. False
5. Marriage in the United States is defined as one man and one woman.
a. True
b. False
6. The term conformity orientation refers to the extent to which family members are expected to share the same beliefs.
a. True
b. False
7. According to Fitzpatrick’s research on relationship types, all couples fit into the categories of traditionals,
independents, or separates.
a. True
b. False
8. According to equity theory, people become dissatisfied with relationships if the scales of equality tip in one direction or
another for any amount of time.
a. True
b. False
9. European mothers are more likely than African American mothers to characterize adolescent daughters as “best
friends.”
a. True
b. False
10. A majority of lesbian couples create more egalitarian relationships than do either heterosexuals or gay couples.
a. True
b. False
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11. In African American families headed by single women, daughters frequently exhibit greater self-reliance and self-
esteem than their Caucasian counterparts.
a. True
b. False
12. All families follow the same seven stages of development described in the textbook.
a. True
b. False
13. Social media allow parents to track and monitor their children in new ways.
a. True
b. False
14. Beginning in the late 1700s or early 1800s, most people in the United States picked marital partners based on love and
companionship.
a. True
b. False
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
15. During the ________ stage, a couple settles into marriage or a cohabiting relationship and works out expectations,
interaction patterns, and daily routines for their shared life.
a. establishing a family
b. enlarging a family
c. encouraging independence
d. launching children
e. adapting to children
16. As a rule, women assume most of the ________, which involves remembering, planning, and scheduling family life.
a. second shift
b. marital stability
c. family stability
d. psychological responsibility
e. physical responsibility
17. After the first few married years, most couples experience a dip in marital satisfaction
a. if they do not have children.
b. when a spouse gets lazy in the relationship.
c. when their occupation takes most of the time.
d. when they stop communicating.
e. regardless of whether or not they have children.
18. All of these statements give good advice for communicating in families EXCEPT:
a. express grievances in ways that don’t demean others.
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b. maintain equity with family members.
c. focus on the small issues and let the big ones go.
d. show respect and consideration to family members.
e. make daily choices that enhance intimacy.
19. According to Braithwaite et al., which type of voluntary kin replaces biological and legal family?
a. Convenience family
b. Substitute family
c. Extended family
d. Supplemental family
e. Interdependent family
20. Don and Makiko Smith have been married for five years. They are a highly interdependent couple, are very
emotionally expressive with each other, and have conventional views of marriage and family life. The Smiths would be
best categorized as which of Fitzpatrick’s marital types?
a. Mixed
b. Traditionals
c. Independents
d. Separates
e. Interdependents
21. Which type of family has high conversation orientation and high conformity orientation?
a. Consensual
b. Pluralistic
c. Protective
d. Disconfirming
e. Laissez-faire
22. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are a highly autonomous couple. Mr. and Mrs. Miller give each other plenty of room and they
share less emotionally than the other marital types. The Millers would be best categorized as which of Fitzpatrick’s
marital types?
a. Mixed
b. Traditionals
c. Independents
d. Separates
e. Interdependents
23. If you show your love for a family member by doing chores without being asked, which love language do you rely on?
a. Affirming words
b. Quality time
c. Gifts
d. Service
e. Touch
24. Clifford Notarius (1996) identified the following three key elements that influence satisfaction in long-term
relationships:
a. feelings, behaviors, and words.
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b. behaviors, words, and thoughts.
c. words, thoughts, and emotions.
d. thoughts, emotions, and actions.
e. emotions, actions, and reactions.
25. In the ________ stage of family development, children learn to be less dependent on their families, which is essential
to becoming healthy adults.
a. establishing a family
b. enlarging a family
c. encouraging independence
d. launching children
e. adapting to children
26. During the ________ stage, the addition of children decreases the amount of couple time and changes the focus of a
couple’s communication.
a. establishing a family
b. enlarging a family
c. encouraging independence
d. launching children
e. adapting to children
27. Which type of family has low conversation orientation and high conformity orientation?
a. Consensual
b. Pluralistic
c. Protective
d. Disconfirming
e. Laissez-faire
28. Concerning the typical life cycle of families with children, the second stage is usually
a. establishing a family.
b. enlarging a family.
c. developing a family.
d. encouraging independence.
e. adapting to children.
29. Concerning the typical life cycle of families with children, the fifth stage is usually
a. establishing a family.
b. enlarging a family.
c. developing a family.
d. launching children.
e. adapting to children.
30. According to Braithwaite et al., which type of voluntary kin fulfills desires and needs not met by biological and legal
family?
a. Convenience family
b. Substitute family
c. Extended family
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d. Supplemental family
e. Interdependent family
31. Which statement below is true of families?
a. People who cohabit before marriage are more likely to get divorced.
b. The vast majority of adults in the United States today are married.
c. There are only a few different types of possible families.
d. Over half of American families consist of one parent.
e. More people are choosing to remain unmarried than ever before.
32. ________states that people apply economic principles to evaluate their relationships.
a. Social exchange theory
b. Social penetration theory
c. Selective perception theory
d. Equity theory
e. Relationship repair theory
33. Discuss each of the four guidelines for effective communication in families. Give an example of each guideline.
34. Explain the significance of the equity theory in terms of how it impacts families, satisfaction levels, and
communication.
35. Explain the dimensions of conformity orientation and conversation orientation and describe the four basic family
communication patterns based on these dimensions.
36. According to your book, there are seven stages that comprise the typical life cycle of families with children. Fully
describe each of these seven stages.
37. Clifford Notarius identified three key elements that influence satisfaction with long-term relationships. Fully describe
each of these elements.
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Answer Key
1. True
2. True
3. True
12. False
13. True
14. True
20. b
21. a
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