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Answer Key
1. B
2. C
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1. According to researchers, which stereotype begins to form before we learn to speak?
A) age
B) gender
C) sexual orientation
D) socioeconomic status
2. According to psychologist Milton Rokeach, an audience’s understanding of the world is
made up of three basic elements — beliefs, attitudes, and
A) wishes.
B) behaviors.
C) values.
D) truths.
3. Which of the following refers to the gender identity of those with whom you choose to
be intimate?
A) social norm
B) sex
C) sexual orientation
D) ethnic identification
4. An attitude is a cluster of
A) wishes.
B) beliefs.
C) values.
D) feelings.
5. Analyzing the speech space and knowing when you will be speaking can
A) reduce the limitations of your speech.
B) help you prepare for your speech.
C) make your audience feel flattered.
D) ensure your speech is subtle.
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6. As a speaker, you should appeal to audience members based on what ties them together
but should avoid
A) stereotypes.
B) values.
C) beliefs.
D) flattery.
7. Which of the following audience characteristics did Aristotle argue was tremendously
beneficial to the speaker?
A) gender
B) sexual orientation
C) age
D) socioeconomic status
8. In just about any speaking situation, you are revisiting what Sigmund Freud and others
have determined is the fundamental human tension between
A) openness and privacy.
B) connection and independence.
C) introversion and extroversion.
D) confidence and insecurity.
9. What is the process of studying an audience before, during, and after a speech?
A) audience analysis
B) mindfulness
C) in-the-moment analysis
D) scrutiny
10. Before giving her speech, Diane tries to find out more about the people she’ll be
speaking to. This process is called
A) sound reinforcement.
B) stereotyping.
C) audience analysis.
D) scrutiny.
11. Which example refers to audience disposition?
A) The audience is quiet while the speaker is speaking.
B) The audience participates in a question and answer session.
C) The audience arrives on time for the speech.
D) The audience finds the speaker to be highly credible.
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12. Using the term partnership rather than marriage shows that you are trying to consider
the audience’s
A) social norms.
B) sexual orientation.
C) sex.
D) ethnicity.
13. Which often happens unconsciously?
A) stereotyping
B) audience analysis
C) creation of self-concept
D) flattering the audience
14. Visualizing success is easier when you
A) analyze the audience.
B) receive reinforcement.
C) flatter the audience.
D) see the speaking space.
15. Which term refers to ideas we have about reality?
A) beliefs
B) values
C) wishes
D) attitudes
16. Which is a requirement of identification according to Kenneth Burke?
A) Terminal values
B) Flattery
C) Prior separation
D) Wishes
17. Demographic data can help you develop
A) a thesis.
B) a point of view.
C) common points of reference.
D) main points.
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18. Scholars who study audiences tend to break down identity characteristics into
A) self-concepts.
B) stereotypes.
C) demography.
D) subtleties.
19. When Thomas considers the age of his audience, he is studying the audience’s
A) self-concepts.
B) stereotypes.
C) demography.
D) subtleties.
20. Drew assumes Lynn is gifted at math because of her Asian heritage. What has Drew
applied in this situation?
A) self-concept
B) stereotype
C) value
D) belief
21. During which life crisis do people crave basic needs and attention?
A) child
B) teenage
C) twenties and thirties
D) midlife
22. During which life crisis are people most concerned with the reality of aging?
A) teenage
B) twenties and thirties
C) midlife
D) old age
23. During which life crisis would a person be concerned with his or her legacy?
A) teenage
B) twenties and thirties
C) midlife
D) old age
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24. During which life crisis are people most concerned with career decisions and
friendships?
A) teenage
B) twenties and thirties
C) midlife
D) old age
25. During which life crisis are people most concerned with starting a family and reconciling
career hopes with reality?
A) teenage
B) twenties and thirties
C) midlife
D) old age
26. Which speech topic would be most appropriate for a group of young professionals?
A) exploring your sexuality
B) establishing a trust fund
C) creating a healthy monthly meal plan
D) networking strategies for long-term career success
27. Sigmund Freud says we desire love because we are inherently
A) gendered.
B) divided.
C) alike.
D) stereotyped.
28. Which refers to understanding yourself in order to participate in a particular language,
culture, and style?
A) sexual orientation
B) gender
C) race
D) ethnic identification
29. Adika was born in Kenya. However, now he lives in the United States, speaks English
fluently, and enjoys watching football. He views himself as an American. American would be
considered Adika’s
A) social identity.
B) group membership.
C) racial identification.
D) ethnic identification.
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30. Which refers to employing various tools and methods for gathering information about
people?
A) establishing social norms
B) applying stereotypes
C) conducting an informal audience analysis
D) conducting a formal audience analysis
31. Before writing a speech he will present to his class, Lee hands out a survey to his peers
to gather information. What is Lee most likely doing?
A) establishing social norms
B) applying stereotypes
C) setting audience expectations
D) conducting a formal audience analysis
32. What is the term for an overgeneralization about a person or group based on assumed
characteristics?
A) stereotype
B) self-concept
C) value
D) belief
33. Who developed identity crisis theory?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Karl Marx
D) Kenneth Burke
34. Which technologies may be effective for informal speeches to smaller audiences but
would be ill advised for large audiences?
A) microphone
B) PowerPoint
C) amplifier
D) chalkboard
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35. Cedric is speaking about teenage birth control use to a largely anti-birth control group
that consists mostly of young and middle-age adults. In this situation, which statement is most
likely to help foster goodwill with the audience?
A) “We all want the best for our children. We want them to have every opportunity to
succeed. So let’s consider how we can help them.”
B) “I know you disagree with me, but I‘m going to show you why you’re wrong — and
believe me, you’ll come around!”
C) “This is a controversial topic, I know, so I’m going to avoid getting too granular.”
D) “Birth control is a fundamental right of all women, and women should not be
shamed when they practice family planning.”
36. Sigmund Freud argued that our wishes are based on our need for
A) common ground.
B) positive recognition.
C) influence.
D) control.
37. What did Sigmund Freud argue was each person’s motivation?
A) unconscious wishes
B) flattery
C) religious beliefs
D) values
38. Which term refers to whether one thinks of oneself as masculine, feminine, or
somewhere in between?
A) sexual orientation
B) social norms
C) sex
D) gender
39. Which speech topic would be most appropriate for an audience of high school students?
A) ways to gain financial independence
B) the importance of starting a retirement plan
C) how to reduce or prevent signs of aging
D) tips for ways to exercise while at work
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40. When preparing for a speech, which of these should you do first?
A) Seek out sound reinforcement.
B) Practice animated movements.
C) Scope out the speech location.
D) Prepare visual aids.
41. The only messages an audience can really hear are those that
A) entertain them.
B) provide information they need.
C) align with how they understand the world.
D) touch their emotions.
42. A speaker asks who will be present for a speech she is giving. This is a form of
A) identification.
B) demography.
C) formal audience analysis.
D) informal audience analysis.
43. Alison strives to be a good person and tries to be trustworthy by always doing what she
says she will do. Her perception of herself as a trustworthy person is
A) an attitude.
B) a belief.
C) a wish.
D) a value.
44. Which type of audience would be considered an unknown audience?
A) online chatroom
B) classroom of students
C) young professionals committee meeting
D) soccer team
45. What is the general term for computers, microphones, and any other objects used to
present audiovisual aids?
A) sound reinforcement
B) technology
C) analog tools
D) electronic media
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46. Joel says he does not like board games. This is best described as his
A) wish.
B) attitude.
C) value.
D) belief.
47. When making an online comment on a news story you find interesting, you are
participating in which of the following types of audience?
A) mobile
B) unknown
C) hostile
D) captive
48. Who argued that all compelling speech is established on the basis of identification?
A) Kenneth Burke
B) Karl Marx
C) Erik Erikson
D) Milton Rokeach
49. What is a point at which the audience and speaker recognize that they are alike in some
fundamental way?
A) value
B) disposition
C) identification
D) independence
50. While giving a speech, Michelle makes a joke involving a common situation at her
school, and the audience laughs and claps. This shared moment an example of
A) values.
B) beliefs.
C) identification.
D) independence.
51. Which is a positive, unconscious habit of seasoned speakers?
A) moments of identification
B) stereotyping
C) flattery
D) informal audience analysis