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50. Aaron is giving a persuasive speech advocating the abolition of the electoral college.
Identify the step of the motivated sequence that would include this statement: “Because of the
electoral college, there have been five presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular
vote.”
A) need
B) satisfaction
C) visualization
D) action
51. Catherine is arguing that the federal minimum wage should be increased. Identify the
step of the motivated sequence where she would she include this statement in her speech:
“Congress should vote to raise the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour.”
A) need
B) satisfaction
C) visualization
D) action
52. Identify the step of the motivated sequence where this statement would belong in a
persuasive speech arguing for mandatory minimum prison sentences: “If you agree with me that
mandatory minimum sentences should be the law in our state, please sign the petition located on
the website listed in my handout.”
A) need
B) satisfaction
C) visualization
D) action
53. A claim that human trafficking is at an all-time high in the United States, supported by
statistics from credible sources, would belong in the _____ step of the motivated sequence in a
persuasive speech that urges audience members to join a national organization devoted to
eliminating human trafficking.
A) need
B) satisfaction
C) visualization
D) action
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54. In a speech that argues for organ donation, this statement would belong in the _____ step
of the motivated sequence: “Imagine that you are gone but your heart continues to beat. Imagine
that you are gone, but your eyes continue to see. You can dramatically improve as many as five
lives with one simple signature.”
A) need
B) satisfaction
C) visualization
D) action
55. Monroe’s motivated sequence is based on the _____ pattern, a more widely used
structure.
A) temporal (chronological)
B) problem-solution
C) refutation
D) comparative advantage
56. The _____ step of Monroe’s motivated sequence corresponds to the problem stage in a
problem-solution speech.
A) need
B) satisfaction
C) visualization
D) action
57. The _____ step of the motivated sequence corresponds to the solution stage in a
problem-solution speech.
A) need
B) satisfaction
C) visualization
D) action
58. In the _____ step of the motivated sequence, you make your remarks immediately
relevant to the audience.
A) attention
B) need
C) satisfaction
D) visualization
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59. In the _____ step of the motivated sequence, the audience may be asked to vote, donate
money or time, or make a life change.
A) need
B) satisfaction
C) visualization
D) action
60. The _____ step of the motivated sequence is most likely to contain vivid imagery,
anecdotes, and stories.
A) need
B) satisfaction
C) visualization
D) action
61. Omar is presenting a persuasive speech to convince his classmates to begin their
retirement investing early in life. He begins with a projection of how much income they will
require to live comfortably in retirement. Then he talks about the fact that very few Americans,
and even fewer young people, have saved anything for retirement. He proposes that everyone in
the class begin to put a small amount of money in a retirement account every month. He then
asks them to imagine their lives after retirement with this money saved. Finally, he describes the
process of opening a retirement account and urges them to do this without delay. Which of the
following organizational patterns is Omar using?
A) problem-solution
B) motivated sequence
C) refutation
D) comparative advantage
62. In her persuasive speech, Latasha tries to convince her class to establish good credit. At
one point, she shows her students a website where they can sign up to receive updates on any
changes to their credit reports and urges them to register. In which of the following stages of the
motivated sequence organizational pattern would she do this?
A) need
B) satisfaction
C) visualization
D) action
63. Which statement accurately describes the motivated sequence?
A) It has three steps.
B) It is based on the problem-solution pattern.
C) It was designed for value claims.
D) It was developed by a Harvard professor.
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64. Jeong is giving a speech using a problem-solution organizational pattern. Immediately
after discussing the problem, he may elaborate on
A) causes of the problem.
B) the opposing viewpoints.
C) the ways your solution is superior to other solutions.
D) visualization of the outcome of your solution.
65. As members of Western culture, most of us learn the _____ organizational pattern
without any formal training.
A) topical
B) comparative advantage
C) refutation
D) problem-solution
66. In the solution phase of the problem-solution organizational pattern, you must explain
not only your policy for solving the problem but also the
A) reasons why your solution is better than others.
B) shortcomings of other solutions.
C) details of implementation.
D) reasons why it will work.
67. The speaker attempts to move an audience to accept his or her position by responding to
opposing claims when using the _____ organizational pattern.
A) problem-solution
B) motivated sequence
C) refutation
D) comparative advantage
68. Debates and similar agonistic speaking situations commonly use the _____
organizational pattern.
A) problem-solution
B) motivated sequence
C) refutation
D) comparative advantage
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69. The _____ organizational pattern is most prone to fallacious reasoning.
A) refutation
B) comparative advantage
C) problem-solution
D) motivated sequence
70. When using the _____ organizational pattern, you should reserve your time for arguing
against only the strongest claims against your position.
A) problem-solution
B) refutation
C) comparative advantage
D) motivated sequence
71. In Monique’s persuasive speech advocating the abolition of the death penalty, she
explains why three of the major arguments in favor of the death penalty are invalid. Monique is
using the _____ organizational pattern.
A) problem-solution
B) comparative advantage
C) refutation
D) motivated sequence
72. In the body of Brodie’s persuasive speech, he will briefly review the negative health
effects of artificial sweeteners and then spend the bulk of his speech talking about why stevia is
a better alternative to sugar than three popular artificial sweeteners. Brodie is using the _____
organizational pattern.
A) refutation
B) motivated sequence
C) problem-solution
D) comparative advantage
73. The refutation organizational pattern is the most prone to fallacious reasoning, but you
must also be extra careful to avoid fallacies when using the _____ pattern.
A) problem-solution
B) motivated sequence
C) temporal
D) comparative advantage
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74. The _____ organizational pattern puts emphasis on the benefits of your policy in
comparison to the alternatives, but it is based on a problem-solution structure.
A) motivated sequence
B) refutation
C) comparative advantage
D) temporal
75. Which fallacy must you be particularly careful to avoid when using the refutation and
comparative advantage organizational patterns?
A) ad populum
B) red herring
C) ad hominem
D) straw person
76. A premise advances standards or rules with which to judge a claim.
A) True
B) False
77. The structure of reasoning is known as argumentation.
A) True
B) False
78. Speakers must be familiar with the rules of reasoning in order to persuade others.
A) True
B) False
79. We learn the rules of reasoning formally through education but also through observing
everyday conversations in our culture.
A) True
B) False
80. Monroe’s motivated sequence is a way to order a policy speech based on audience
psychology.
A) True
B) False
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81. Many of the more elaborate persuasive speech organizational patterns are based on the
topical pattern.
A) True
B) False
82. The comparative advantage organizational pattern is a good choice if your audience
already accepts there is a problem.
A) True
B) False
83. The comparative advantage organizational pattern and the refutation organizational
pattern are both primarily defensive.
A) True
B) False
84. When Phillip, who is from the United States, argues with his girlfriend Neila, who is
from Iraq, they both think the other is illogical. From this, we can conclude that people naturally
and intuitively know the rules of reasoning.
A) True
B) False
85. Informal logic is also called logical pragmatics.
A) True
B) False
86. Deductive arguments reason from general to specific.
A) True
B) False
87. “Marco is a professional soccer player; therefore, he is paid well” is an example of an
enthymeme.
A) True
B) False
88. All claims are theses, but not all theses are claims.
A) True
B) False
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89. The most important part of any argument is the reasoning, also known as the warrant.
A) True
B) False
90. Stephen Toulmin’s model of argument contains a claim, evidence, and a warrant.
A) True
B) False
91. Emily’s great-grandfather says to his family, “If you want to stay in the will, you will
attend my wedding.” This is an example of the red herring fallacy.
A) True
B) False
92. The motivated sequence would be an acceptable organizational pattern for Tanya’s
persuasive speech based on this claim: “Human cloning is unethical.”
A) True
B) False
93. Alan H. Monroe said the magic of persuasion occurs in the visualization step of his
motivated sequence.
A) True
B) False
94. Both the refutation and the comparative advantage organizational patterns for persuasive
speeches are prone to the ad hominem fallacy.
A) True
B) False
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Answer Key
1. C
2. A
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