Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank for Essentials of Human Communication, Eighth Edition
CHAPTER 2: PERCEPTION OF SELF AND OTHERS
Multiple Choice Questions
1) The concept of the looking-glass self suggests that we
A)
develop our self-concepts by attending to how others communicate with us.
B) want to be seen by others as we see ourselves.
C) mirror the behavior of others to build relationships.
D)
All of the above.
2)
Which of the following is true about self-concept?
A)
Gender roles generally are learned through cultural teachings.
B)
Self-evaluations are more important in developing self–concept than our interactions with others.
C)
We generally do not compare ourselves with others in developing our self-concepts.
D)
All of the above.
3)
Self-awareness may be defined as
A)
how you perceive yourself.
B)
when you examine aspects of yourself as they might appear to others as well as to you
.
C) revealing information about yourself.
D)
the measure of how valuable you think you are.
4)
Which of the following is NOT a way to increase self-awareness?
A)
Listen to others.
B)
Seek information about yourself.
C)
Dialogue with yourself.
D)
Increase your self-esteem.
5)
Betty’s friends know she is stingy but Betty doesn’t know it herself. We can assume Betty’s
stinginess is part of her __________ self.
A)
unknown C)
hidden
B)
blind D)
open
6)
Which of the following statement is true of the blind area?
A)
Communication is generally improved as the blind area becomes smaller.
B)
People should be made to see themselves as we (and others) see them, so the blind area may be made
smaller.
C) A large blind area indicates high self-esteem.
D)
Communication is hindered by the very existence of the blind areas.
7)
John has never told anyone about his fear of spiders. We can assume this fear is part of John’s
__________ self.
A)
open C) hidden
B)
blind D) unknown
8)
Self-esteem is defined as
A)
our view of our self.
B) how aware we are of ourselves and others’ views of us.
C) a measure of how valuable we think we are.
D)
how large our open self is.
9)
We can seek the services of a hypnotist or psychotherapist to discover our
__________ self.
A)
open C)
hidden
B)
blind D)
unknown
10)
Pat has a habit of surrounding herself with people who are extremely critical and find fault with
everything. Pat’s choice in friends may
A)
improve her self-esteem. C)
increase her self-awareness.
B)
be detrimental to her self-esteem. D)
help her self-disclose.
11)
Which of the following actions is an example of securing affirmation?
A)
being aware of other’s successes
B) seeking out people who may disagree with you
C) interacting with people who don’t know you
D)
interacting with people who are positive.
12)
Which of the following statements is an example of self-disclosure?
A)
“Do I look fat in this outfit?”
B) “I’ve never told anyone this, but I’m afraid to go to parties alone.”
C) “Everybody knows that Angela is my sister.”
D)
“Don’t go over to his house tonight.”
13) Which of the following is a danger of self-disclosing?
A)
self-knowledge C)
understanding the messages of others
B)
seeing problems dispassionately D) relationship risks
14) Self-disclosure refers to all of the following EXCEPT
A)
a type of communication that reveals information about oneself.
B)
slips of the tongue.
C)
a public confession.
D)
an intrapersonal process.
15)
Which reward to self-disclosure is met when you talk about yourself and listen to the reactions of
others?
A)
increased self-knowledge
B)
improved coping abilities
C)
more meaningful relationships
D)
communication enhancement
16)
When Bill first began working at his new job, he began to disclose highly personal information to
others almost immediately, often making others uncomfortable. Which guideline for self-disclosure was Bill
unaware of?
A)
Consider the motivation.
B)
Consider the appropriateness.
17) When you hear a new song played on the radio, the just
occurred.
A)
stimulation
B)
interaction
C) Consider the disclosures of the other person.
D)
Consider any possible burdens.
__________ stage of the perception process has
C)
organization
D)
interpretation-evaluation
18)
The process by which you become aware of objects, events, and people by using your senses as well as
your previous experiences, desires, needs, wants, and loves is called
A)
self-awareness. C)
infatuation.
B)
perception. D)
observation.
19)
Hans only watches Fox News because the reporters and commentators reinforce his existing beliefs and
attitudes. Hans is engaging in
A)
selective exposure.
B)
organization by rules.
C)
the process of perception.
D)
peer pressure.
20)
Several students sitting together in a student lounge studying for an exam may BEST be defined as a study
group based on which organizational rule?
A)
rule of similarity C)
rule of proximity
B)
rule of contrast D)
rule of context
21)
Rosa judges everything Serena does based on the fact that Serena is an only child. Rosa is engaging in
which attribution error?
A)
self-serving bias C)
fundamental attribution error
B)
overattribution D)
primary error
22)
Artie believes Asian people are more intelligent than other people. Artie is engaging in which
perceptual process?
A)
stereotyping C)
self-fulfilling prophecy
B)
fundamental attribution error D)
recency effect
23) Joe always told himself that he was lousy at athletics. When he tried to play soccer, he was not very
adept at it. This may be a result of the
A) self-fulfilling prophecy. C) primacy-recency effect.
B) dyadic effect. D) fundamental attribution error.
24) The process by which you focus on explaining why someone behaved as he or she did is called
A)
attribution of control.
B)
organization by schemata.
C)
the primacy effect.
D)
selective attention
Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank for Essentials of Human Communication, Eighth Edition
True/False Questions
1)
The looking-glass self is based on the idea of how you see yourself directly.
2)
Your ability to achieve what your culture defines as success will contribute to a positive self-concept.
3)
Self-awareness is basic to all communication.
4)
No one should hesitate to self-disclose information about himself or herself regardless of the
immediate audience.
5)
One recommended way to resist the pressure to self-disclose is to be indirect and change the topic.
6)
The Johari window focuses on the various ways to self-disclose for the purpose of increasing self-
esteem.
7)
“Work on projects that will result in success” is one of the ways to improve the self-esteem.
8)
It’s frequently recommended that you remind yourself of your successes by using affirmations.
9)
Annie said the movie was great even though she thought the beginning was boring. Annie
experienced the recency effect.
10)
One way to increase accuracy in perception is to reduce your uncertainty.
11)
The self-serving bias is when you take responsibility for the negative and give others credit for the
positive.
12) The last stage of the perception process is memory.
Completion Questions
1) One way to increase self-esteem is to attack
__________ and seek out nourishing people.
2)
The
__________ represents all the information, behaviors, attitudes, and feelings about yourself that you,
and also others, know.
3)
The information known to others but unknown to yourself is in the
__________ self.
4)
When Ron comments that Kyle and Chloe must be related because they look so much alike, he has
engaged in the organizational rule of __________
5)
Self-concept develops through attending to the ways others communicate with us, comparing
ourselves to others, our own interpretations and evaluations, and __________
6)
Dangers of self-disclosure include personal, relationship, and
__________ risks.
7)
Being willing to
__________ and keeping self-disclosure
facilitating and responding to others’ self–disclosures.
__________ are two guidelines for
8)
While driving across Kentucky, Christina notices only the billboards that advertise fast food and gas.
Christina’s perception is stimulated by __________
9)
The tendency to single out one or two obvious characteristics of a person and attribute everything
that
person does to these characteristics is called __________
10)
Recognizing your own role in the perceptions, avoiding early conclusions, and being aware of the
“just
world hypothesis” are suggestions for __________
Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank for Essentials of Human Communication, Eighth Edition
Matching Sequence
Match the communication example to the term related to the self or perception.
1) Linda looks at herself in the mirror and says, “I A)
am a good person who cares for others.”
2) Johnny tells Yolanda, “This has been a good
B)
year. The last few months were hard, but it
started out great.”
3) “Aren’t all Asians taking honors classes?” C)
4) Pat takes Chris’s hand and says, “I’ve never
D)
told you this before, but I love you.”
5) Dana is afraid to tell her parents she is gay for
E)
fear they will reject her.
dangers of self-disclosure
securing affirmation
self-disclosure
stereotyping
primacy effect