Chapter 16 Media Law
Chapter 16 Media Law
16.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) The teen-aged hacker who broke Hollywood’s anti-copying protection on commercial DVDs and
allowed worldwide ripping and file-sharing of movies was
A) Jon Huntsman of Utah.
B) Jon Lech Johansen of Norway.
C) Ingemar Johansson of Sweden.
D) Lech Walesa of Poland.
2) Worldwide protesters supporting the hacker who was put on trial for breaking Hollywood’s anti–
copying protection on DVDs and posting how to do it on the Internet began calling him
A) DVD Jon.
B) Johnny boy.
C) Lech-man.
D) Movie-Jon.
3) What did Jon Lech Johansen invent?
A) cheat software for video games
B) an iPod compression program
C) DVD encryption-breaking software
D) an iTunes checkout work-around
4) The teen-aged hacker who posted instructions on the Internet for breaking the anti-copying
software code and ripping movies from DVDs was
A) fined 28 million Krone (about $5 million U.S. dollars) for malicious violation of copyright.
B) initially found guilty of Internet piracy but is now appealing his case to the World Court.
C) prosecuted for facilitating intellectual piracy but was found not guilty by the Norwegian courts.
D) taken into custody but successfully fought extradition to the U.S. and was never brought to trial.
5) In defiance of the movie studios, the government prosecuting him, and copyright-lovers, the
demonstrators supporting the hacker who broke the anti-copying code on movie DVDs
A) hacked into the computer system for Norway’s court system and shut it down for three days.
B) held a protest march with 1 million supporters outside the courthouse where he was on trial.
C) printed and sold t-shirts imprinted with his program for breaking the copy-protection.
D) symbolically burned more than 10,000 movies on DVDs in protest.
6) Once the trial of the Norwegian teen who published instructions for getting around the anti–copy
protection on movie DVDs was over,
A) Norway revised its laws to forbid any software that could be used to undermine copyrights.
B) Norwegian authorities expressed complete satisfaction with the outcome.
C) The U.S. and other countries quickly passed new laws parallel to those already in Norway.
D) The U.S. government, on behalf of the Hollywood movie industry, appealed to the World Court.
7) What type of law protects ownership rights to intellectual property?
A) First Amendment
B) public domain
C) copyright law
D) libel law
8) What protects the ownership rights of creative works such as books, articles, and lyrics?
A) a trademark
B) a patent
C) a copyright
D) free expression rights
9) What term is used to define creative works?
A) creativity
B) intellectual property
C) property of the mind
D) mindworks
10) The Recording Industry Association of America is e-mailing individuals to inform them of
A) new musical releases.
B) where people can buy music online.
C) their personal liability for violating federal copyright laws.
D) the correct and legal way to copy online music.
11) When a copyright holder grants rights to another party to use the holder’s intellectual property,
it’s legally considered to be
A) a transfer of rights.
B) permission.
C) first-use rights.
D) a consensual grant..
Chapter 16 Media Law
12) A person can transfer ownership interests in intellectual property rights, which is called
A) permission.
B) an infringement waiver.
C) an assignment.
D) a consensual agreement.
13) What term is used to describe the theft of copyright-protected material?
A) download license
B) piracy
C) assignment
D) intellectual objective
14) What company went out of business after losing a 2005 U.S. Supreme Court case that ruled
promoting illegal copying of intellectual property, in this case music, is an infringement on
copyright?
A) Knap-Star
B) Grokster
C) Betamax
D) Music Downloader
15) What is the Google Print Library Project?
A) It catalogues every book that’s ever been written.
B) It indexes history’s most notable books.
C) It digitizes 15 million English-language books for online access.
D) It indexes all the books, essays and articles that influenced the U.S. Constitution.
16) The First Amendment protects all of the following EXCEPT
A) the right to bear arms.
B) the freedom of the press.
C) the freedom of religion.
D) the right to assemble peaceably.
17) The free expression provision of the U.S. Constitution is contained in the
A) Fourth Amendment.
B) Third Amendment.
C) Second Amendment.
D) First Amendment.
18) What is the implied function of the media that is contained in the First Amendment?
A) to operate without government subsidies
B) to report on the American way of life
C) to be watchdog of government
D) to offer advice and consent to government.
19) The Alien and Sedition acts of 1798
A) protected free speech.
B) penalized speech that was critical of government.
C) dictated that only U.S. citizens had free speech.
D) reinforced free speech in statute.
20) A constitutional prior restraint violation probably has occurred when
A) the government heads off an utterance before it is made.
B) an editor eliminates controversial passages from a Danielle Steel manuscript.
C) an author reconsiders a passage that might offend readers.
D) a U.S. senator recants something she said in an interview.
21) The Schenck case determined that
A) stolen government documents cannot be used in public media.
B) the government has no special powers against free expression during wartime.
C) the government can only take wartime actions if classified information is being revealed.
D) the government can limit free expression when the nation is at war.
22) Prohibiting expression before it is disseminated is called
A) prior restraint.
B) repression.
C) regression..
D) the TPM Standard.
23) Who was the white racist involved in a 1950s U.S. Supreme Court case that provided explicit
requirements to justify limiting free expression?
A) Charles Schenck
B) Elizabeth Baer
C) Clarence Brandenburg
D) Benjamin Gitlow
24) The Incitement Standard originated in an Ohio case involving
A) racist Clarence Brandenburg’s comments at a KKK rally.
B) the publication of a secret national policy study called the Pentagon Papers.
C) a civil advertisement placed in the New York Times.
D) anti-war pamphlets distributed by socialists.
25) Which of the following is NOT a test of the Incitement Standard?
A) The statement advocates a lawless action.
B) The statement aims at producing lawless action.
C) The statement must be directed at harming a specific figure, group or object.
D) Lawless action must be imminent.
26) Elizabeth Baer and Charles Schenck were arrested and eventually lost a U.S. Supreme Court
case for
A) shouting “fire” in a crowded theater.
B) printing a newspaper critical of government.
C) protesting loudly in front of the White House.
D) handing out leaflets aimed at recently drafted men.
27) How did the government justify stopping the Pentagon Papers?
A) The Papers dug into the private life of President Kennedy.
B) The Papers could hurt national security.
C) The Papers were stolen by a Soviet agent.
D) The Papers were the work of a traitor.
28) This 2001 law gave federal agents new authority to preempt terrorism.
A) copyright law
B) Patriot Act
C) Pentagon Act
D) Freedom of Terrorism law
29) The book industry objected to the Patriot Act because it
A) allowed wiretaps of just about everyone.
B) required government review and approval of new books on terrorism.
C) allowed federal agents to go into bookstores and libraries and look at customers’ records.
D) put authors and their political beliefs in a national registry.
30) The “‘Fire!’ in a crowded theater” test came from the pen of
A) Charles Schenck.
B) Charles Evans Hughes.
C) Oliver Wendell Holmes.
D) Daniel Ellsberg.
31) The Fighting Words Doctrine determined that
A) violent acts may be justified if provoking language is harsh enough.
B) censorship can be justified against insulting language that is likely to provoke violence.
C) libel does not apply where a history of “fighting words” can be proven between the two parties.
D) language, no matter how violent, is still protected by the First Amendment.
32) The TPM Standard states that
A) government can control time, place and manner of expression for any reason as long as that
expression is given some alternate venue.
B) whether a statement is considered libel or not can depend wholly on the time, place and manner
in which the libelous statements were presented.
C) when public opinion is involved, government should “trust the public majority.”
D) government can control the time, place and manner of expression as long as the limits are
content-neutral.
33) Government agents opposed Ulysses being distributed in the United States because
A) copyright royalties were delinquent.
B) they thought James Joyce was a communist.
C) the stream of consciousness style of writing was too hard to follow.
D) they disapproved of four-letter words and explicit sex portrayed in the book.
34) What was the major distinction between the Ulysses and Lady Chatterley’s Lover cases?
A) The court upheld sexual references in Ulysses as having literary merit but not in Chatterley.
B) One ruling was against the customs service; the other against the postmaster general.
C) Chatterley had literary merit and the explicit love scenes were essential to the heart of the story.
D) One was in Gaelic, the other in English.
35) The New York Times v. Sullivan case broadened free-expression protections to
A) advertising.
B) newspaper editorials.
C) movies.
D) television.
36) The term “commercial speech” is the legal term that includes
A) speeches given on public property.
B) speeches given on private property.
C) advertising.
D) content in any print publication offered for sale.
37) Offensive expressions, especially those aimed at individuals or groups because of their race,
ethnic characteristics, sexual-orientation, or minority status, are known as
A) libel.
B) emotive speech.
C) slander.
D) hate speech.
38) The political correctness movement suffered a setback in what hate speech case?
A) Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire
B) Roe v. Wade
C) R.A.V. v. St. Paul
D) Schenck v. U.S.
39) Although licensing of the mass media seems contrary to the First Amendment, the U.S. Court
has permitted licensing of broadcasters for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
A) the airwaves which broadcasting uses belong to the public, not any private owner.
B) broadcasting is so expensive it was necessary to protect the station operators’ investments.
C) the radio industry asked the government to step in and bring order to the chaos in 1927.
D) scarcity of frequencies requires limits on who and how many people transmit signals.
40) What did the Federal Radio Commission do in response to John Brinkley using his radio station
to make outrageous claims about his medical cures?
A) Ruled the First Amendment protected his speech
B) Granted the radio station a license renewal but restricted what he could say
C) Sued Brinkley for false advertising
D) Did not renew his license
41) A written defamation is called
A) libel.
B) slander.
C) hate speech .
D) detraction .
42 The largest jury award for libel up to this point was against
A) Ladies’ Home Journal.
B) the New York Times.
C) Time.
D) the Wall Street Journal.
43) Which of the following would be most hard-pressed to win a libel suit?
A) a public school teacher
B) a shop keeper
C) a mayor
D) a janitor
44) What was the legal significance of the Sullivan case?
A) Free debate is more important than factual errors that hurt public officials.
B) Public officials deserve protection from libel.
C) Exorbitant libel damages are acceptable.
D) Advertorials are exempt from libel suits.
45) In the Sullivan decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
A) to be found guilty of libel, one must display reckless disregard of the truth.
B) public officials need shielding.
C) the advertorial deserved Constitutional protection.
D) the New York Times had recklessly disregarded the truth.
46) Which of the following would NOT have to prove reckless disregard for the truth in a libel
lawsuit?
A) government officials
B) political candidates
C) business executives
D) publicity hounds
47) The __________ were a musical group who did not appreciate negative reviews. They sued, and
lost, ultimately causing the right of fair comment and criticism to be formulated.
A) Cherry Sisters
B) Sonny and Cher
C) Charles Schenck Trio
D) The Cherrettes
48) The Cherry Sisters learned from their Iowa libel case that
A) reviewers are limited to objective reporting.
B) performers deserve a right to be left alone.
C) performers could sue successfully to prevent negative reviews.
D) performers must accept negative comments about their performances.
49) The right of fair comment and criticism
A) means performers must put up with comments about their public and private lives.
B) allows small portions of copyrighted work to be used in other media products.
C) gives public figures the right to object to criticism of their work.
D) does not extend to a performer’s private life.
50) Sexually explicit depictions that are protected from government bans are known as
A) legislative privilege.
B) intellectual property.
C) indecency.
D) pornography.
51) This term encompasses a range of words and depictions deemed to be improper on public
airwaves.
A) rumors
B) pornography
C) indecency
D) smut
52) What was the government’s failed attempt to limit content available on the Internet?
A) the Indecency Standard
B) the Comstock Law
C) the Freedom of Information Act
D) the Communications Decency Act
53) What flaw did the U.S. Supreme Court find in the 1996 Communication Decency Act?
A) the impossibility of denying questionable material to children without restricting freedom of
speech for adults
B) The law failed to win joint support of both Republicans and Democrats.
C)It was unbalanced because it didn’t apply the same standards to printed media.
D) Cable channels were not included.
16.2 True/False Questions
1) Jon Lech Johansen developed software to share music.
2) Jon Lech Johansen of Norway was a teen when he hacked Hollywood’s copy– protection on DVDs
and revealed how to do it online thus allowing worldwide ripping and file-sharing of movies.
3) The teen-aged hacker who posted online instructions for breaking the anti-copying code and
ripping movies from DVDs was prosecuted but found not guilty by the Norwegian courts.
4) The hacker who posted online instructions for breaking the copy-protection code and ripping
movies from DVDs was taken into custody but successfully fought extradition to the U.S. and was
never put on trial.
5) Supporters of the hacker who broke the anti-copy protection on movie DVDs produced and sold
t-shirts imprinted with his directions for ripping movies from DVDs for sharing.
6) Once the trial of the Norwegian teen who published instructions for getting around the anti-copy
protection on movie DVDs was over, Norway revised its laws to keep it from happening again.
7) DVD-Jon was caught in a struggle between media conglomerates that own creative content and
individuals who claim the right to do whatever they want with the media products they buy.
8) Copyright protections are recognized in the U.S. Constitution.
Chapter 16 Media Law
9) The idea behind copyrighting is to encourage creativity.
10) Copyright law protects the ownership rights of creative works.
11) Copyright law protects all forms of intellectual property.
12) If someone wants to legally use the copyright-protected work of another, one way is to get
permission.
13) The assignment of rights is just another way to describe the granting of permission to use
copyrighted work.
14) Any theft of copyright-protected work is called copy-banditry..
15) The theft of copyright-protected material for the purpose of making money is called copy–
larceny..
16) The assignment of rights is the transfer of ownership interest in a piece of intellectual property.
17) An infringement is a violation of copyright.
18) Grokster started a project to digitize books for an online index.
19) The Google Print Library Project would digitize and index all newspapers, magazines and books
of the 20th Century.