Test Bank for Media of Mass Communication, 11/e
Chapter 15 Mass Media Globalization
15.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Tense relations between the Afgahan government and the Tolo TV network in Afghanistan
included all of the following EXCEPT
A) Afghan President Hamid Karzi told the network CEO, “You better fix up your TV station.”.
B) fifty police officers raided the network, took three staff members away, and beat others .
C) Taliban purists forced the network to air nothing but calls to prayer and chanting on TV.
D) the vice president’s personal bodyguards had an armed stand-off with the police force.
2) The changing conditions faced by mass media around the world are evident in Afghanistan’s new
constitution which was written in 2003 and
A) affords unlimited freedom to the Internet but puts very restrictive limits on broadcast media.
B) establishes strict government control of all mass media.
C) includes a constitutional guarantee against government interference with mass media.
D) requires that at least 50 percent of all media content promote religious or cultural values.
3) Throughout mass media history, what political systems with top-down governances have been
most common?
A) Authoritarian
B) Democratic
C) Republican
D) Sovereign
4) King Henry VIII who cracked down on printed materials headed a political system classified as
A) democratic.
B) authoritarian.
C) libertarian.
D) empirical.
5) What type of government system prevents mass-media criticism of its policies with numerous
methods?
A) Democratic
B) Libertarianism
C) Authoritarian
D) Global
6) The two countries with Marxist-Leninist regimes that are ranked by Freedom House as being
among the worst-rated countries for press freedom are
A) Peru and Libya.
B) Cuba and North Korea.
C) Brazil and Iran.
D) Haiti and South Korea.
7) King James of Scotland and later of England advocated the divine right of kings which claimed
that legitimate monarchs were
A) elected by the people.
B) anointed by the Almighty.
C) entitled to their crowns by birthrights.
D) were voted on by parliament.
8) The authoritarian line of reasoning justifies suppression of ideas and information on the grounds
that
A) truth is a monopoly of the regime.
B) the people should determine the truth.
C) democracy involves all the people.
D) the ruling class needs input from common folk.
9) Libertarian thinkers have faith in the ability of
A) individuals to make decisions based on reason.
B) royalty to guide the country.
C) the divine right of kings to rule the land.
D) government to make all decisions.
10) English writer John Milton argued for a free and open exchange of information known as the
A) right of kings.
B) marketplace of ideas.
C) democratic system.
D) idea community.
11) Libertarians believe that people sometimes err in sorting out alternatives, but those flawed
ideas can be replaced with better ones, which is known as
A) democratic reason.
B) value driven thinking.
C) the self-righting process.
D) indigenous values
12) The free expression section of the U.S. Constitution is called
A) the Fifth Amendment.
B) the First Amendment.
C) the right to bear speech.
D)Article I. .
13) Since the U.S. Constitution was written,
A) no limits have ever been placed on free speech and expression.
B) minor modifications to the right to free speech and expression in the 17th amendment.
C) courts have consistently ruled that no limits can be imposed.
D) some limits have, of necessity, been imposed on free speech and expression.
14) The government of India appears to have taken the lead in using computers and mobile
communications devices to link its people, even those in remote villages, with the rest of the world.
Its accomplishments include all of the following EXCEPT
A) designing and releasing $35 Linux-based laptop computers for students and citizens.
B) doing daily polls of citizens via the Internet to assess their satisfaction with elected officials.
C) having distant doctors diagnose illness and plan treatments through tele-medicine systems.
D) providing Internet-connected knowledge and bill-payment centers for 237,000 villages.
15) During which war did reporters routinely submit their stories to censors to delete sensitive
military matters?
A) Civil War
B) World War I
C) World War II
D) Vietnam
16) During which conflict were U.S. reporters dressed in officers’ uniforms and often assigned a
vehicle and driver?
A) the Civil War
B) World War II
C) the Vietnam War
D) the 2003 invasion of Iraq
17) Uncensored field reporting from the Vietnam War was dubbed
A) grass-roots reporting.
B) Viet journalism.
C) jungle jive.
D) rice-roots reporting.
18) During which military action were the U.S. news media prevented from covering combat
operations?
A) World War I
B) the earliest portion of the Vietnam War
C) the U.S. invasion of Grenada
D) the 2003 invasion of Iraq
19) How does a pool system work?
A) The military keeps a pool of journalists in the front lines to ensure 24/7 coverage. B) Reporters
live and travel with military units at all times.
C) Journalists have no specific contact with the military but are allowed to accompany them at will.
D) Reporters are chosen on a rotating basis to cover limited-access events and share the story.
20) Reporters who are assigned to a specific military unit are said to be
A) volunteers.
B) assignees.
C) embedded.
D) attached.
21) About how many reporters were mortally wounded in the Iraq War?
A) less than 25
B) about 50
C) roughly 75
D) more than 100
22) WikiLeaks.org has been presented as an illustration of the Internet’s potential “to force humans
into new governance structures” because it has done all of the following EXCEPT
A) being a thorn in the side of governments around the world since its founding in 2006.
B) encouraging those aware of government wrong-doing to post documentary proof on the site.
C) notifying the SEC about illegal insider trading that affected the value of U.S. stocks.
D) telling everyone that revealing government secrets is “principled leaking”.
23) WikiLeaks.org has been praised for fearlessly revealing government secrets that have included
all of the following EXCEPT
A) financial assistance going to the Taliban and rampant war-profiteering in Pakistan.
B) information that led to changes in Kenya’s constitution and a more open government.
C) more than a half-million classified U.S. documents on the war in Iraq and Afghanistan.
D) secret plans by the Canadian government to smuggle illegal aliens into Alaska.
24) The Australian founder and driving force behind WikiLeaks is
A) John Milton.
B) Julian Assange.
C) Rupert Murdoch.
D) Victoria Clarke.
25) The role of the U.S. in Afghanistan’s mass media after its government was overthrown in 2001
and began rebuilding has included all of the following EXCEPT
A) conducting “soft diplomacy” by creating ways to get pro-U.S. messages directly to the people.
B) producing Soothing Sounds, a radio show to introduce them to the best in American music.
C) sponsoring On the Road, a TV show to build nationalism by showing viewers their own country.
D) USAID funding of $228,000 to start the country’s first privately-owned radio station.
26) Among the US-supported trans-border mass media which try to get messages into countries
that don’t want U.S. media reaching their people are all of the following EXCEPT
A) Radio Farda which broadcasts in the Farsi language and is aimed into Iran and Iraq .
B) Radio Liberty which beams its signals into Central Europe and Russia.
C) Silver Splinter, Internet programming designed to penetrate China’s Golden Shield firewall.
D) Television Marti which broadcasts into Cuba from blimps and planes flying near the island.
27) Foreign governments have make all of the following attempts to stop or block U.S. efforts to
disseminate trans-border messages EXCEPT
A) establishing a very-effective Golden Shield firewall to filter Chinese Internet traffic .
B) filing complaints with the International Telecommunications Union, a part of the United Nations.
C) jamming radio transmissions with their own high-powered distortion signals.
D) shooting down a blimp carrying the Television Marti transmitter.
28) What U.S. government-funded broadcast service is sent into nations with state-controlled
media to articulate U.S. policies directly to the people?
A) CNN
B) Voice of America
C) National Public Radio
D) U.S. Global
29) Voice of America was created
A) after World War I.
B) during World War II.
C) at the start of the Vietnam War.
D) in conjunction with the Public Broadcasting Systems.
30) The global, Qatar-based, satellite news channel for Arab audiences is called
A) Al-Jazeera.
B) CNN Arab.
C) Telemundo.
D) Arab TV.
31) Al-Jazeera was modeled after
A) the BBC.
B) CNN.
C) the Associated Press.
D) Fox News.
32) What kind of content does Qatar-based Al- Jazeera emphasize?
A) U.S.
B) British
C) Hispanic
D) Arab
33) What quasi-government agency is creating a Mideast entertainment production center?
A) Dubai Media Incorporated
B) Arab News One
C) Al-Jazeera
D) BBC
34) Islamic radicals, including Al-Qaeda, have adapted this media technology to meet their needs
and promote their cause to a global audience.
A) direct satellite television
B) the telegraph
C) low-cost digital media
D) remote publishing
35) What country suppressed challenges to government authority with the most labor-intensive
censorship initiative in history?
A) Iran
B) Iraq
C) India
D) China
36) To rein in unrestrained journalism, China proposed an Emergency Response Law to
A) limit news reporting of disasters and thus ensure social stability.
B) promote fair and balanced coverage.
C) promote news competition.
D) better inform the people about events.
37) What was the stated purpose for China to propose the Emergency Response Law?
A) to provide Chinese citizens all the facts
B) to ensure only the true facts are released
C) to censor information
D) to ensure social stability
38) Recently, the Chinese government has expended major resources to limit exposure to what
medium?
A) radio
B) Internet
C) television
D) newspaper
39) What is the name of the Chinese system to control internal Internet communications?
A) the Golden Shield
B) the Social System
C) Falun Gong
D) United System
40) When government reviews content before dissemination, it’s called
A) pre-publication censorship.
B) post-publication sanctions.
C) instituting a firewall.
D) preventative protocols.
41) Bloggers in China
A) operate about the same way as those in the U.S.
B) must register with the government.
C) must have their content screened by the government before publication.
D) are subject to semi-annual reviews of their sites.
42) The Chinese government uses all of the following ways to monitor and control Internet
communications EXCEPT
A) automated scanning to detect prohibited words and phrases.
B) chatroom coordinators who guide the discussions in politically acceptable directions.
C) government-issued passwords are required to enter an Internet café.
D) Internet users must log on using their government-issued ID numbers.
15.2 True/False Questions
1) Both the news and entertainment offered by Afghanistan’s Tolo TV network reflect the press
freedom guaranteed by the country’s new constitution which was written in 2003.
2) When religious purists associated with the Taliban ran Afghanistan, radio was allowed to
broadcast nothing by calls to prayer and unending religious chants.
3) In establishing his Tolo TV network, Saad Mohseni wanted to remain true to the long-standing
feudal traditions of his homeland.
4) A major challenge to launching Tolo TV in Afghanistan was the fact that the country’s national
economy lacked the solid base of advertisers who are normally needed to support mass media.
5) Mass media reflect a nation’s political system.
6) King Henry VIII was the British monarch who began cracking down on print materials in 1529.
7) Authoritarianism is “top–down governance,” such as a monarchy or dictatorship.
8) Censorship is one way libertarian governments control mass media.
9) Freedom House, an organization that monitors press freedom, lists 45 nations that deny a broad
range of freedoms.
10) The divine right of kings promoted the idea that the people should elect the ruler of the land.
11) An authoritarian believes that truth is a monopoly of the regime.
12) Libertarianism emphasizes the individual’s ability to reason his or her way to right decisions.
13) Libertarian forms of government have been the most common throughout history.
14) Libertarianism places confidence in political and theocratic leadership for governance.
15) The marketplace of ideas was an authoritarian concept.
16) John Milton was a pioneer libertarian.
17) Areopagitica was the name of Milton’s landmark tract explaining the marketplace of ideas.
18) People sometimes make mistakes, but libertarians believe that because truth-seeking is a
lifelong pursuit, flawed ideas will be corrected in the self-righting process.
19) The Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution ensures freedom of speech.
20) Russian President Dmitry Medvedev started and maintains a daily blog to keep in two-way
touch with citizens and encourage public debate.
21) Entrepreneurs in China moved faster than the government did and established more than
140,000 Internet cafes before the government had developed ways to censor Internet traffic.
22) Low-cost digital media have accelerated economic development in many countries where the
governments have been forward-thinking enough to make them available to their citizens.
23) The Internet and mobile digital devices have been a boon to authoritarian governments who
want to maintain a tight rein on mass media and free speech in their countries.
24) It can be inferred from the book that journalism has been trying to find a balance between
unrestricted coverage and government interference since the U.S. Civil War.
25) The Union Secretary of War organized Civil War censorship of sensitive military issues.
26) The Spanish-American War was the first U.S. war that had a large contingent of reporters
accompanying the armies.
27) During World War II, news reporters were picked from a pool and embedded with companies.
28) “Rice–roots reporting” was a term used to describe field reporting from the battles with Japan
during World War II.
29) The footage an embedded reporter can provide is extremely limited and closely controlled by
the military.
30) News reporters who are assigned to and stay with a particular military unit while it conducts
its missions are “embedded.”
31) WikiLeaks.org may be able to use the Internet to force humans to adopt new governance
structures by encouraging people who are aware of government wrong–doing to post documentary
evidence proving it on their site.
32) WikiLeaks claims that those who provide classified or other secret information for its site are
engaged in “principled leaking”.
33) One danger of WikiLeaks is that the information posted there has never been verified; it’s
accepted at face value and posted as is.
34) Among the accomplishments of WikiLeaks was posting evidence of corruption that led to
changes in Kenya’s constitution and a more open government.
35) WikiLeaks was also the first to reveal the Canadian government’s secret plans to let illegal
aliens sneak across its border into Alaska.
36) Julian Assange, the driving force behind WikiLeaks, believes that powerful organizations,
particularly governments and corporations, should operate openly.
37) Julian Assange, who heads WikiLeaks, believes governments and corporations should avoid
transparency because it only leads to secrecy, fraud, and abuse.
38) Major corporations make huge lobbying investments to influence U.S. laws and regulations.
39) Traditional mass media have done a great job of getting inside major corporations to tell the
real story of what they’re doing and expose corporate excesses.
40) Unlike the traditional news media, the Internet has opened new avenues for well-motivated
corporate insiders to blow the whistle on mismanagement and other wrong-doing.
41) U.S. involvement in Afghanistan’s mass media after its government was overthrown in 2001
and began rebuilding is characterized as “soft diplomacy” to get messages favorable to the U.S.
directly to the people.
42) U.S. funding of Afghan mass media and soft diplomacy through the media is just part of our
overall efforts at nation building in that country.
43) Voice of America was developed to advertise goods and products to third world countries.
44) “Farda” in Radio Farda stands for Foreign Aid Radio Delivery Agency.
45) Trans-border mass media attempt to deliver messages from one country into another country
that doesn’t want its people to receive those messages.
46) US-supported trans-border mass media include Radio Farda which broadcasts in the Farsi
language and Radio Liberty which beams signals into Russia.
47) Silver Splinter is a system for feeding specially coded Internet messages that are designed to
penetrate China’s highly-effective Golden Shield firewall.
48) The Iranian government tries to block radio signals from sources it considers unfavorable.
49) Blogging has worked against government control in many countries.
50) In treaties signed by most nations, including the United States, they have agreed to respect and
not interfere with one another’s sovereignty over broadcasting within their national borders.
51) U.S. broadcasts into Cuba from Television Marti have been declared illegal by the International
Telecommunications Union, an arm of the United Nations.
52) Media systems in Islamic regions fit a single mold.
53) Hammad bin Khalifa founded Al-Jazeera, a Qatar-based satellite news channel for Arab
audiences.
54) Al-Jazeera was modeled after ABC.
55) Since its beginning, Al-Jazeera has consistently been praised by the U.S. government as a voice
for democracy and reform.
56) Dubai Media Incorporated is a quasi-government agency building Dubai as an entertainment
production center.
57) Terrorist organizations have not been able to effectively use mass media in advancing their
causes.
58) Dubai TV claims to penetrate 50 percent of the market, thus reaching 100 million people across
the Mideast.
59) Chinese university student Liu Di, using the pseudonym “Stainless Steel Mouse,” was arrested
for sending negative comments out on the Internet about political leaders.
60) China has the most labor-intensive censorship initiative in history.
61) China’s Emergency Response Law was created to provide more news coverage to consumers.
62) A firewall allows users to access Internet content in an easier, faster manner.
63) China’s Golden Shield controls cellular telephone calls.
64) Pre-publication censorship is a government’s review of content before dissemination.
65) Chinese broadcasters are NOT allowed to use the words “OK” and “yadda–yadda.”
66) Al-Jazeera, the 24-hour Arab television news service, is simply trying to capture the broad pan-
Arab audience that had previously been served only by the Arab Tribune.
67) One of the challenges facing Al-Jazeera has been trying to reach across borders to attract a truly
widespread Arab audience, something that had not previously been done.
68) The United States became heavily involved in trans-border broadcasting during World War II.
69) Governments in nations that are targeted by others for trans-border broadcasts rarely see
these efforts as benign and usually attempt to block them.
15.3 Short Answer Questions
1) Both the news and entertainment offered by the Tolo TV network based in __________ reflect the
new press freedom offered by the country’s new constitution which was written in 2003.
2) At one point in Afghan’s media history, the Taliban had required that __________ content consist of
nothing but calls to prayer and religious chants.
3) When comparing media systems, a bipolar model would have libertarianism at one end of the
spectrum and __________at the other.
4) __________ political systems have been the most common throughout history.
5) An important organization that tracks press freedom worldwide is __________.
6) The belief that proper decisions follow the monarch’s will, which is linked to the Almighty, is
known as the __________.
7) John Milton with his argument for the marketplace of ideas was an early __________ thinker.
8) Although people make occasional errors in truth-seeking, they eventually discover the errors
and correct them. This is called the __________process.
9) The __________ of the U.S. Constitution contains protects free speech.
10) Entrepreneurs in __________ moved faster than their government and established over 100,000
Internet cafes before the government was set to monitor and censor Internet traffic.
11) The government of __________ appears to have taken the lead in linking its remote villages to the
rest of the world using digital, wireless technology.
12) Edwin Stanton was the Secretary of War who organized censorship of sensitive military news
during the ___________.
13) The uncensored field reporting during the Vietnam War was known as __________ reporting.
14) During the 2003 invasion of Iraq, news coverage was provided by __________ reporters who
accompanied combat units.
15) __________ claims that those who provide classified or other secret information for its web site
are engaged in “principled leaking”.
16) WikiLeaks.org has posted more than a half-million classified __________ government documents
about the war in Iraq and Afghanistan.
17) __________ is the Australian mastermind who created and runs WikiLeaks.org.
18) U.S. assistance to Afghanistan’s mass media is characterized as “__________diplomacy” which is
meant to get messages favorable to the U.S. directly to the people.
19) Radio __________, operated by the U.S., is a trans-border mass medium broadcasting in Farsi.
20) __________ mass media send messages from one country to another country that doesn’t want its
people to receive those messages.
21) __________ restricts Internet content with a very effective firewall it calls Golden Shield.
22) U.S. broadcasts into Cuba on Television __________ have been declared illegal by the International
Telecommunications Union, an arm of the United Nations.
23) Hammad bin Khalifa founded __________, the global Arab news network based in Qatar.
24) __________ Media Incorporated offers television and films to the Arab world, claiming to reach
100 million in the region through TV.
25) __________ has built the most labor-intensive censorship initiative in history.
26) The __________ is a law the Chinese government enforces to limit news reporting of disasters,
ostensibly to ensure social stability.
Chapter 15 Mass Media Globalization
15.4 Matching Questions
Match each concept on the left with the best explanation from the right column.
1) Authoritarianism
A) U.S.-government broadcast service for trans-border
propaganda
2) Libertarianism
B) U.S. guarantee of freedom of speech and press
3) Marketplace of ideas
C) Dictatorship or monarchy with tight media controls
4) Self-righting process
D) Government review and limitation of media content
5) First Amendment
E) Global Arab news network
6) Al-Jazeera
F) People use free speech and reason to make decisions
7) Dubai Media Incorporated
G) Chinese firewall to control Internet communication
8) Voice of America
H) Rational for freedom of speech
9) Golden Shield
I) Mideast entertainment production center
10) Censorship
J) Errors made in truth-seeking will become apparent over
time
15.5 Essay Questions
1) Discuss three reasons authoritarian nations do not recognize the rights of free speech and press
but prefer to suppress ideas and information that are contrary to the accepted, official viewpoint.
2) Describe John Milton’s theoretical concept of a marketplace of ideas and how it was brought into
reality through the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
3) Using (a) the U.S.’s most recent military involvements in the Middle East, (b) the U.S. Civil War
which was the first war covered by a large contingent of mass media reporters, and (c) any other
19th or 20th century war involving the U.S., discuss how wartime news reporting has evolved. In
particular, focus on the relationship between the reporters and the military authorities. Page Ref:
4) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of having reporters embedded with military units to
report on a war, looking first from the media’s standpoint and then from the military’s.
5) Discuss why you agree or disagree with the following statement: Julian Assange and WikiLeaks
are now fulfilling the watchdog function of mass media far more effectively than any of the older
and more well-established U.S. mass media.
6) Describe three examples of U.S. efforts at trans-border propaganda, and explain why you think
such activities either are or are not consistent with U.S. values of democratic, free government.
7) Describe how Al-Jazeera differs from the Dubai Media Incorporated in terms of purpose and
8) Describe several ways the Chinese government attempts to control freedom of speech through
its restrictions on the Internet. Explain why you think these efforts will or won’t be effective over
the long run.