CHAPTER 6
Multiple Choice
1. When a child is avoided by other children because he or she is aggressive, an example of which one of the
following is evident?
a. Logical consequences
b. Unavoidable consequences
c. Logical connections
d. Natural consequences
2. Which of the following may not be a useful way to help a child improve his or her self-control?
a. Exhibiting confidence in the child’s ability to improve his self-control
b. Responding to and correcting all disruptive behavior
c. Removing unnecessary sources of frustration and noises from the classroom
d. Dealing consistently with temper tantrums
3. Research indicates that punishment
a. Is always effective
b. Should be avoided at all times
c. Is a positive approach to class management
d. Can produce negative side effects
4. One effective way to work with children who are reluctant to participate is to
a. Insist that they participate in every activity
b. Seat them where they cannot see the activity
c. Ignore them completely
d. Couple attention with something pleasant
5. Ainsworth described an infant who greeted his or her parent after a period of separation with physical contact and
a smile as
a. Securely attached
b. Insecurely attached-avoidant
c. Insecurely attached-resistant
d. Disorganized
6. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, when do children begin to develop a conscience?
a. One
b. Two
c. Five
d. Seven
7. According to Greenspan’s model of affective development, when do healthy infants develop the ability to
regulate their internal state (homeostasis) in ways that allow them to attend to the world around them?
a. At birth
b. Birth to three months
c. Three months to six months
d. Six months to nine months
8. A time in the school routine when children with disabilities are most likely to become frustrated is
a. Arrival time
b. Snack time
c. Transition time
d. Dismissal time
9. According to Piaget’s categories of play, the game of taking things out and putting things in is
a. Practice play
b. Symbolic play
c. Games with rules
d. Representational play
10. When should “signal interference” be used with children who are impulsive?
a. Before the behavior begins
b. As the behavior escalates
c. When the child is in a tantrum
d. After the child has calmed down
True-False
1. A strong, positive attachment to a primary caregiver appears to be the key to the development of a healthy
personality.
2. Positive peer interactions for children with disabilities and/or social delays may not develop without specific
interventions from the caregiver.
3. Infants will begin to become attached to their primary care-givers at the age of 9-18 months.
4. Logical consequences must be directly related to adult expectations.
5. Around the age of 30 months, children begin to think about and understand the logical connections between
ideas
6. Most children fall within the “easy” category: adaptable, approachable, and positive in mood.
7. Children with disabilities need only be put in the same environment with children without disabilities for peer
imitation to occur.
8. The onset of ADHD is before the age of 5.
9. A child is born with a particular temperament. It cannot be changed in any way.
10. Loud, lively music can be upsetting for children who have difficulty with control.
Short Answer
1. Explain the concept of affect attunement.
2. Explain how infants use distal communication as a way to achieve a clearer sense of themselves as individuals.
3. Why is it ineffective to say to a child, “Susie, do you want to clean up now?”
4. How is “signal interference” used to prevent loss of control?
5. List three methods that do not work with children who are reluctant to participate.
6. Discuss some ways that teachers can improve their reward punishment ratio to the optimum of five rewards to
one punishment.
7. Discuss some of the disadvantages of time out.
8. How can a teacher use time away effectively for children who have disabilities.
9. Discuss the single most important intervention strategy for working with children who have been abused and
neglected.
10. Describe executive function skills and why they are important to the development of self-regulation.
Comprehensive Essay
1. A disability may interfere with the caregiver-infant attachment process. Discuss the effect on attachment of
blindness, hearing loss, and cerebral palsy and tell why the attachment process may be at risk.
2. Discuss Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development and give behaviors that the adult caregiver can do to
facilitate each stage.
3. State a rule that meets the three criteria of being definable, reasonable, and enforceable. Now state a rule that
does not meet these criteria and explain why it does not.
4. Discuss techniques to keep in mind when grouping children to stimulate positive interaction.
5. Define natural consequences, logical consequences, and negative consequences. Give examples of each.
6. Discuss ways to facilitate social skills among children with disabilities when they are included with children
without disabilities using environmental structuring.
7. Discuss the technique of physical prompting and fading to help children with more severe disabilities learn to
play.
8. What are some reasons that a child may be reluctant to participate? Discuss techniques you would use to
involve that child in the classroom activities.
9. Discuss some special considerations for working with children who are dual language learners.
10. Discuss Parten’s six levels of social participation and how the guidelines can help with the selection of
intervention strategies to develop social interaction skills through play.
Test Bank Answer Key