Business Essentials, 12e (Ebert/Griffin)
Chapter 8 Employee Behavior and Motivation
1) What is the term for behavior that is related to doing a certain job?
A) Performance behavior
B) Interpersonal behavior
C) Disruptive behavior
D) Potential behavior
E) Assertive behavior
2) Which would an employee who is productive but refuses to help others or the organization be
lacking in?
A) Organizational citizenship
B) Workplace aggression
C) Performance behavior
D) Personal productivity
E) Self-esteem
3) Behaviors that detract from, instead of contribute to, organizational performance are known as
what?
A) Inclusive
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Counterproductive
D) Turnover
E) Associative
4) Which of the following is NOT a central aspect of organizational citizenship?
A) Reporting structure
B) Corporate culture
C) Workgroup attitude
D) Business field
E) Team composition
5) Which of these behaviors BEST indicates good organizational citizenship?
A) Being willing to help new employees
B) Asking for a pay raise
C) Meeting job performance standards
D) Keeping regular hours
E) Using office supplies for business use
6) In what way does absenteeism result in a direct cost to a business?
A) Additional training must be provided to coworkers.
B) Turnover among high quality employees increases.
C) Burnout and psychological distress increases for those who are on the job.
D) There is confusion about authority roles within the organization.
E) A substitute must do the work of the missing employee.
7) Performance behaviors contribute directly to company productivity.
8) Organizational commitment reflects an individual’s identification with the organization and its
mission.
9) Organizational citizenship reflects the ability of a behavior to detract from, rather than
contribute to, organizational performance.
10) What are some potential consequences of employees being dissatisfied?
11) Discuss the three types of employee behaviors and how they affect the organization.
12) Identify ways in which counterproductive behaviors on the job affect the success of the
organization.
13) Discuss ways in which absenteeism affects coworkers and the organization.
14) Which of these “big five” personality traits is an indication of how open or rigid a person is
in terms of his or her beliefs?
A) Openness
B) Extraversion
C) Emotionality
D) Conscientiousness
E) Agreeableness
15) What is emotionality?
A) The ability of a person to get along with others
B) The degree to which someone tends to be positive or negative
C) The number of things a person tries to accomplish at once
D) The relative rigidity of an individual’s beliefs
E) The likelihood that a person will react aggressively
16) Which of the following might you, as a manager, expect to see in an employee who has a
low degree of conscientiousness?
A) A tendency to be unprepared at meetings
B) A tendency to have a high degree of performance
C) A tendency to focus on relatively few tasks at one time
D) A high level of organization and self-discipline
E) An ability to meet deadlines without fail
17) If a task involves a high level of detail, which type of personality would be best suited to
perform the task?
A) One who exhibits high agreeableness and low conscientiousness
B) One who exhibits more negative emotionality and low agreeableness
C) One who exhibits high openness and low negative emotionality
D) One who exhibits high conscientiousness and low extraversion
E) One who exhibits high creativity and low negative emotionality
18) The extent to which people are self-aware, able to manage their emotions, and motivate
others is an aspect of which of the following?
A) Attitude
B) Emotional intelligence
C) Negative emotionality
D) Social skills
E) Empathy
19) Which of the following is represented by a relatively stable set of psychological attributes
that distinguish people from others?
A) Differences
B) Attitude
C) Personality
D) Extroversion
E) Emotional intelligence
20) If an employee has a tendency to focus on relatively few tasks at one time, what type of
personality trait is considered to be high?
A) Agreeableness
B) Conscientiousness
C) Emotionality
D) Extraversion
E) Openness
21) Which of the following best represent the personality attributes of someone who is
considered to be an extrovert?
A) Forgiving, understanding, and good natured
B) Organized, systematics, and self-disciplined
C) Calm, resilient, and secure
D) Sociable, assertive, and open to new relationships
E) Curious, willing to listen to new ideas, and willing to change their own beliefs
22) According to the Myers-Briggs framework, how do introverts recharge their energy levels?
A) By being around others
B) When considering abstract ideas
C) When completing or finishing an assignment or project
D) By having time to process open-ended situations
E) By being alone and having solitude
23) What is the term that reflects the extent of one’s self awareness and ability to manage
emotions?
A) Emotional intelligence
B) Personality
C) Introversion
D) Openness
E) Emotionality
24) Which of the following best describes empathy?
A) The ability to balance fear, anxiety, and anger
B) The ability to remain optimistic and continue to strive when facing setbacks
C) The ability to understand how others feel
D) The ability to get along with others
E) The ability to establish positive relationships
25) What is the correct term for one’s belief that their behavior has an effect on what happens to
them?
A) Self-efficacy
B) Authoritarianism
C) Self-esteem
D) Locus of control
E) Risk propensity
26) Which of the following is based on the knowledge a person presumes to have about
perceptions of truth and reality?
A) Affect
B) Intention
C) Attitude
D) Personality
E) Cognition
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27) Which of the following is used to guide a person’s behavior?
A) Affect
B) Intention
C) Attitude
D) Personality
E) Cognition
28) What is the result of a person behaving in a way that is inconsistent with their attitudes?
A) Affect
B) Lapsed morale
C) Increased satisfaction
D) Cognitive dissonance
E) Impairment
29) What is the outcome when employees have positive attitudes towards their jobs?
A) Increased cognitive dissonance
B) Decreased morale
C) Stronger intention
D) Limited commitment
E) Increased job satisfaction
30) When an employee sees themselves as a member of the team and can easily identify with the
organization’s mission, what is the result?
A) Organizational commitment
B) Psychological contracts
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Intention
E) Cognition
31) Which term, similar to emotions, identifies a person’s feelings about something?
A) Affect
B) Intention
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Cognition
E) Morale
32) How willing a person is to take chances in their decision process indicates a person’s
A) self-esteem.
B) locus of control.
C) risk propensity.
D) self-efficacy.
E) cognitive dissonance.
33) Those employees who like to experiment with new ideas or gamble on the development of
new products are considered to have a higher degree of
A) self-esteem.
B) intrinsic reward need.
C) authoritarianism.
D) propensity for risk.
E) cognition.
34) If an employee feels they have the skills and ability needed to perform a task well, they are
better able to focus their attention on performance because of their high degree of
A) self-esteem.
B) locus of control.
C) risk propensity.
D) self-efficacy.
E) cognitive dissonance.
35) Research suggests that the major personality dimension that exists in a variety of countries,
and is therefore reasonably important across cultures is
A) attitude.
B) cognition.
C) intention.
D) commitment.
E) self-esteem.
36) Balancing anxiety, fear, and anger so they do not overly interfere with getting things
accomplished is a part of emotional intelligence.
37) According to research, emotional intelligence cannot be developed or learned.
38) Personality includes personal attributes that vary from one person to another.
39) Affect is one of the three components of attitude.
40) A person’s self-efficacy is a belief about their extent of power and status within the
organization.
41) Identify and explain each of the “Big Five” personality traits.
42) Discuss how an employee’s level of self-esteem affects their actions and needs at the
workplace.
43) Which of the following identifies what the organization will provide the employee and what
the employee will contribute to the organization in turn?
A) Person-job fit
B) Psychological contract
C) Inducements
D) Contributions
E) Motivation contract
44) How can an organization fulfill their organization’s contract obligations to employees?
A) Contributions
B) Psychological contracts
C) Inducements
D) Intention
E) Cognition
45) Which of the following aspects of the psychological contract is provided by the
organization?
A) Competency
B) Effort
C) Time
D) Career opportunities
E) Talent
46) Which of the following aspects of the psychological contract is provided by the employee?
A) Benefits
B) Pay
C) Skills
D) Security
E) Status
47) Because job permanence is less likely in today’s economy, which of the following are some
companies offering in order to keep the psychological contract in balance?
A) Additional promotions
B) Increased loyalty inducements
C) Fewer training opportunities
D) Flexible scheduling
E) More negotiated benefits
48) What is the term for the extent to which a person’s contributions and the organization’s
inducements match?
A) Employee equity
B) Person-job fit
C) Psychological contract
D) Time-motion study
E) Team culture
49) If an employee needs to feel that she is a part of a team and yet her position involves working
alone, which of the following may NOT be right?
A) The pay scale
B) The person-job fit
C) The employee’s attitude
D) The organization’s plan
E) The team structure
50) In terms of a psychological contract, inducements represent what employees will contribute
to an organization.
51) What causes people to behave in a certain way on the job?
A) Person-job fit
B) Inducements
C) Pay
D) Psychological contracts
E) Motivation
52) What is the Hawthorne effect?
A) The belief that employees are motivated by money alone
B) The conclusion that workers are more productive if management pays attention to them
C) The determination that the level of lighting in a workplace has no effect on productivity
D) The theory that workers are more productive if their jobs are analyzed closely
E) The unspoken agreement between the employee and the employer
53) What is MOST useful about Theory X and Theory Y?
A) They shed light on managers’ attitudes toward employees.
B) They provide a useful blueprint for taking action.
C) They help managers better understand employees.
D) They accurately depict the attitude of employees at work.
E) They support management decisions and plans.
54) According to Maslow’s model, a set of needs will be a motivator until which of the following
occurs?
A) The needs are satisfied.
B) New needs are identified.
C) The person becomes self-motivated.
D) A supervisor changes the work.
E) The needs are replaced by hygiene factors.
55) Which of the following lists Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs in order, starting with the
most basic?
A) Physiological, security, social, esteem, self-actualization
B) Social, security, physiological, esteem, self-actualization
C) Physiological, self-actualization, security, esteem, social
D) Physiological, esteem, security, social, self-actualization
E) Esteem, self-actualization, social, physiological, security
56) If a manager believes that his employees are self-motivated and growth-oriented, what type
of manager is he?
A) Theory Y
B) Theory X
C) Classical
D) Hierarchical
E) Expectant