84) Researchers, who are analyzing numeric data, look for ________ to identify patterns that
tend to repeat over time.
A) trends
B) causations
C) correlations
D) cross-differentiations
E) means
85) Unlike a summary, a paraphrase
A) restates the original material in your own words and with your own sentence structures.
B) presents the gist of the original material in fewer words by eliminating some of the original
words.
C) does not require complete documentation of sources.
D) is never acceptable in business documents.
E) introduces a new, but related topic.
86) To paraphrase effectively
A) avoid using any business language or jargon.
B) check your version against the original to make sure that you didn’t alter the meaning.
C) make sure your version is the same length as or longer than the original.
D) use quotation marks.
E) use only the source material that supports your premise.
87) ________ means you reproduce the material exactly as you found it (giving full credit to the
source).
A) Quoting
B) Channeling
C) Summarizing
D) Paraphrasing
E) Causation
88) When analyzing numerical data, which of the following is shown by the mean average?
A) The midpoint in a series of numbers
B) The numerical pattern indicated by the data set
C) The number with the strongest cause-and-effect linkage
D) The number that most often occurs in the data set
E) The sum of all items divided by the number of items
89) A ________ is a simultaneous change in two variables that you’re measuring.
A) variance
B) divergence
C) correlation
D) breakout
E) causation
90) Because causation can be difficult to prove, what do researchers use to understand the
relationships between subsets of data?
A) Trends
B) Mean averages
C) Correlations
D) Medians
E) Cross-tabulation
91) Which of the following can be done to help minimize analysis errors in data sets?
A) Avoid faulty comparisons
B) Try to extract insights that justify the data
C) Use visuals to manipulate that data to support your argument
D) Use the data sets as a way to summarize
E) Use specific numbers from the data sets when determining averages
92) Which of the following is the cause-and-effect linkage between two factors, where one factor
is the result of the other?
A) Correlation
B) Cross-tabulation
C) Causation
D) Comparison
E) Trends
93) When should a writer use direct quotes?
A) The original language enhances the writer’s argument
B) The writer is unsure of the meaning of the original language
C) The original language can easily be presented in the writer’s own words
D) The writer wants a consistent tone
E) The writer wants to use words and phrases the audience will be familiar with
94) To find out your company’s average monthly utility bill over the last year, you would need to
calculate the ________ of the last twelve bills.
A) mean
B) median
C) mode
D) highest
95) You can do all of the following EXCEPT ________ when you paraphrase material from a
secondary source.
A) maintain a consistent tone
B) minimize the choppy feel of too many quotations
C) avoid giving credit to the originator of the information
D) present information with vocabulary that’s more familiar to your readers
96) When analyzing data, look for ________, which are definite patterns taking place over time,
such as growth and decline.
A) trends
B) indexes
C) segues
D) smatterings
97) Paraphrases do not require documentation of sources.
98) The median value of a group is the sum of all the values in a series divided by the number of
values in that group.
99) Discuss ethical considerations when paraphrasing, quoting, and summarizing the work of
others.
100) How can you guard against mistakes and misinterpretations when using data sets?
101) Discuss the difference between using the mean, median, and mode to determine statistical
information.
102) Which of the following is an unbiased condensation of the information found during your
research?
A) Causation
B) Summary
C) Conclusion
D) Recommendation
E) Data set
103) Which of the following must be used to make a recommendation credible?
A) Primary data
B) Knowledge management systems
C) Logical analysis and sound conclusions
D) Statistical analysis
E) Correlations between the recommendation and the data
104) A ________ is a logical interpretation of the facts and information in a report; a ________
is a suggested course of action.
A) recommendation; conclusion
B) problem statement; summary
C) conclusion; recommendation
D) trend analysis; synthesis
E) summary, conclusion
105) A ________ is a set of technologies, policies, and procedures that can allow a company to
capture and share information throughout the organization.
A) process superstructure
B) desktop search protocol
C) cross-departmental interchange
D) knowledge management system
E) statistical analysis
106) When drawing conclusions for a report, you should
A) introduce new information that wasn’t discussed in the report.
B) avoid getting input from other members of your research team.
C) ignore information in the report that doesn’t support your point of view.
D) interpret your research results logically, based strictly on the information in your report.
E) tell the reader exactly how to resolve the issue.
107) Unlike conclusions, recommendations
A) suggest a clear course of action.
B) interpret evidence.
C) are always acceptable to readers.
D) always come at the end of the report.
E) are your opinion about findings from the research.
108) The recommendations you make in a report should
A) interpret the results of your research.
B) not be limited by the report’s conclusion.
C) tell audience members what they want to hear.
D) adequately describe the steps that come next.
E) identify areas of research that support your opinion.
109) Which of the following can be used to capture, store, and share information between
members of the organization?
A) Social media
B) Conclusions
C) Statistical analysis
D) Citations
E) Knowledge management
110) How has social media influenced the use of knowledge management in organizations?
A) It is easier for more people to contribute and benefit from shared knowledge.
B) It is easier for non-experts to offer their opinions on policies and procedures.
C) It is more difficult to keep information confidential within the knowledge management
system.
D) It has increased the use of collaborative recommendations.
E) It has improved the accuracy of statistics within documents.
111) Which of the following should be included in the recommendations so the audience knows
how to properly respond?
A) Information on others who have received the data from the report
B) References that can be used to verify information
C) An indication of how the recommendations where developed in order to show their validity
D) The next step to take to act on the recommendations
E) An interpretation of facts and other information from the report
112) Which of the following is one of the conditions that must be met for a conclusion to be
valid?
A) It must appeal to the emotional needs of the reader.
B) It must be logical based on inductive or deductive reasoning.
C) It must include any unproven premises.
D) It must reflect your personal values as well as the organization’s values.
E) It must indicate logical fallacies.
113) Applying the findings of your research can involve all of the following EXCEPT
A) summarizing your results.
B) making recommendations.
C) drawing conclusions based on your results.
D) developing a problem statement that defines your research.
114) A ________ is an unbiased condensation of the information uncovered in your research.
A) problem statement
B) research summary
C) cause and effect analysis
D) primary collation
115) A ________ is a logical interpretation of the facts and other information in a report.
A) referendum
B) correlation
C) conclusion
D) recommendation
116) You should assume everyone who examines the evidence you present in your report will
arrive at the same conclusion.
117) When creating questions for a survey, include leading questions that suggest the answer or
contain the information you’re looking to have confirmed.
118) Compare and contrast drawing conclusions and making recommendations in a report.
119) Discuss the area of focus for a summary in a research report.
120) Discuss ways to develop strong recommendations for your audience.