Database Concepts, 8e (Kroenke)
Chapter 4 Data Modeling and the Entity-Relationship Model
1) One or more entities can be associated together in relationships.
2) In a 1:1 relationship, a single entity instance of one type is related to a single entity instance of
the same or another type.
3) Recursive relationships can be represented as 1:N or N:M, but not 1:1.
4) When an entity class has a relationship with itself, it is called a(n) ________ relationship.
5) Recursive relationships occur when an entity has a relationship with ________.
6) The subtype symbol is a circle with a line under it.
7) Unified Modeling Language (UML) has quickly replaced the E-R Model as the most popular
technique for creating data models.
8) A PRODUCT entity instance is the collection of all PRODUCT entity classes.
9) An entity class is described by the structure of the entities in that class.
10) There is usually only one instance of an entity in an entity class.
11) The E-R Model assumes that all instances of a given entity class have the same attributes.
12) An entity identifier can be either unique or nonunique.
13) The number of entity classes involved in a relationship is the cardinality of the relationship.
14) It is possible for an entity to have a relationship to itself.
15) Maximum cardinality indicates whether or not an instance of one entity class must be related
to at least one instance of another entity class.
16) One type of strong entity is the ID-dependent entity.
17) Subtype entities may be either exclusive or inclusive.
18) Which of the following is not a basic element of the E-R Model?
A) Identifiers
B) Entities
C) Cardinalities
D) Use cases
E) Relationships
19) In the Entity-Relationship data model, all instances of an entity of a given type are grouped
into ________.
A) entity objects
B) class objects
C) entity classes
D) identifiers
E) entity attributes
20) Which of the following is true about identifiers of entities?
A) Identifiers must be unique.
B) Identifiers are not normally used in a naming role.
C) The value of an identifier may identify a set of entity instances.
D) Identifiers may not be more than two attributes.
E) An identifier in the E-R model is equivalent to a key in the relational model.
21) The number of entity classes involved in a relationship is known as the relationship’s
________.
A) maximum cardinality
B) minimum cardinality
C) ordinality
D) degree
E) class
22) Whether or not an instance of one entity class must participate in a relationship with another
entity class is indicated by the ________.
A) degree
B) recursive cardinality
C) minimum cardinality
D) maximum cardinality
E) ordinality
23) An ID-dependent entity is ________.
A) a special type of weak entity
B) an entity in which the identifier of the entity includes the identifier of another entity
C) a strong entity
D) an entity with a maximum cardinality of one
E) Both A and B
24) Identifiers of an entity that are composed of two or more attributes are called ________
identifiers.
25) Relationships with the degree two are often called ________ relationships.
26) ________ constrain data values and the processing of the database.
27) Distinguish between an entity class and an entity instance.
28) Distinguish between entity identifiers and keys.
29) Changing aspects of a source document is much more difficult than changing the actual
database, once constructed.
30) What are “business rules” and what is their role in database design?
31) During the implementation phase of developing a database system, the data model is
transformed into a database design.
32) When developing a database system, the database is constructed during the implementation
phase.
33) During the design phase of developing a database system, the users are asked about the need
for changes to existing forms and reports.
34) A use case is a description of the way a user will employ the features and functions of the
new system.
35) Use cases can be used to validate the data model, design, and implementation.
36) Which of the following is not a stage in the development of a database system?
A) Requirements analysis
B) Validation
C) Component design
D) Implementation
E) Both A and B
37) Which of the following activities is not performed during the implementation phase of
developing a database system?
A) Filling the database with data
B) Transforming the data model into a database design
C) Writing application programs
D) Creating forms
E) Creating reports
38) Which of the following is not a source for user requirements during the requirements
analysis stage of developing a database system?
A) Referential integrity constraints
B) User interviews
C) Forms
D) Use cases
E) Business Rules
39) Microsoft Access can be used to build a prototype database, which allows users ________.
A) to draw a crow’s foot E-R diagram themselves
B) to normalize the tables in the E-R diagram
C) to validate the data model by demonstrating the consequences of data modeling decisions
D) to determine the functional dependencies in the data model
E) to determine the appropriate primary and foreign keys in the data model
40) Microsoft Access is a good tool for creating mock-ups of forms and reports because
________.
A) the form and report generators do not exist within Access itself
B) Access forms and reports are very simplistic.
C) Access wizards make it easy to create the forms and reports.
D) Access has a version of Microsoft PowerPoint built into it to allow easy creation of
PowerPoint slide shows.
E) Access has a version of Microsoft Excel built into it to allow easy exporting of data to
spreadsheets.
41) The Microsoft Access form editor is a(n) ________.
A) banded form editor
B) wizard-based form editor
C) ASCII form editor
D) WYSIWYG form editor
E) Web-based form editor
42) The Microsoft Access report editor is a(n) ________.
A) banded report editor
B) wizard-based report editor
C) ASCII report editor
D) WYSIWYG report editor
E) Web-based report editor
43) A(n) ________ is a working demonstration of selected portions of the future system.
44) ________ are descriptions of the ways users will employ the features and functions of the
new information system.
45) ________ can be used to build prototype databases.
46) Microsoft Access ________ allow easy mock-ups of forms and reports for prototyping.
47) Microsoft Access database files can be easily ________ to create multiple copies of a
database.
48) Because of its forms and reports wizards, ________ can be used to build a prototype
database for many different other operational DBMS.
49) Microsoft Access uses ________ form and report editors.
50) Describe the use of Microsoft Access as a prototyping tool.
51) In crow’s foot E-R notation, the crow’s foot indicates a maximum cardinality of one.
52) In crow’s foot E-R notation, a circle indicates a minimum cardinality of zero.
53) In crow’s foot E-R notation, the hash mark indicates both a minimum cardinality of one and a
maximum cardinality of one.
54) In crow’s foot style E-R diagrams, a hash mark across the relationship line near an entity
indicates ________.
A) a minimum cardinality of zero
B) a minimum cardinality of one
C) a maximum cardinality of one
D) a maximum cardinality of many
E) Both B and C
55) In crow’s foot style E-R diagrams, a circle across the relationship line near an entity indicates
________.
A) a minimum cardinality of zero
B) a minimum cardinality of one
C) a maximum cardinality of one
D) a maximum cardinality of many
E) Both B and C
56) In crow’s foot style E-R diagrams, a crow’s foot mark on the relationship line near an entity
indicates ________.
A) a minimum cardinality of zero
B) a minimum cardinality of one
C) a maximum cardinality of one
D) a maximum cardinality of many
E) Both B and C
57) In crow’s foot style E-R diagrams, a single entity together with a related set of entities that
each contain specific sets of attributes related to the single entity represent ________.
A) a strong entity relationship
B) an ID-dependent weak entity relationship
C) a non-ID-dependent weak entity relationship
D) a supertype /subtype relationship
E) a recursive entity relationship
58) In crow’s foot style E-R diagrams, an entity class is represented by a(n) ________.
59) Explain maximum cardinality.
60) Explain minimum cardinality.
61) How is maximum cardinality expressed in crow’s foot E-R diagrams?
62) How is minimum cardinality expressed in crow’s foot E-R diagrams?
63) In a traditional E-R diagram, the relationship is symbolized by a diagram.
64) Given only the following excerpt of an E-R model:
Which of the following is known to be true?
A) There are more instances of ENTITY A than there are instances of ENTITY B in the user’s
environment.
B) A single instance of ENTITY B may be related to many instances of ENTITY A.
C) A single instance of ENTITY A must be related to many instances of ENTITY B.
D) ENTITY A has a minimum cardinality of one.
E) The degree of the relationship is “many.”
65) Given only the following excerpt of an E-R model:
Which of the following is known to be true?
A) A single instance of ENTITY A must be related to one instance of ENTITY B.
B) Many instances of ENTITY A may be related to one instance of ENTITY B.
C) ENTITY B has a degree of many.
D) ENTITY B is a weak entity.
E) Both A and C are true.
66) Given only the following excerpt of an E-R model:
If one instance of ENTITY B must be related to one and only one instance of ENTITY A, and
one instance of ENTITY A may be related to many instances of ENTITY B, which of the
following should be written on the end of the relationship line next to ENTITY B in the figure
above?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) None of the above is correct.
67) A dashed line between entities indicates ________.
A) a unique identifier
B) a minimum cardinality of zero
C) a minimum cardinality of one
D) an identifying relationship
E) a nonidentifying relationship
68) A nonidentifying relationship exists between an ID-dependent entity and its parent.
69) System requirements as documented by use cases, business rules, forms, reports, and queries
are sufficient to design the database without using a formal data model.
70) Microsoft Access can be used to build a prototype database, which allows users to validate
the data model by demonstrating the consequences of data modeling decisions.
71) Microsoft Access wizards allow easy mock-ups of forms and reports for prototyping.
72) Microsoft Access is only used to prototype databases where Microsoft Access itself will be
the final DBMS.
74) Microsoft Access uses banded form and report editors.
75) The representation of the content, relationships, and constraints of the data needed to support
the system requirements is the ________.
A) relation design
B) implementation
C) data model
D) data view
E) application program
76) Which of the following would not be contained in a use case?
A) Inputs provided to the system to perform a task
B) A description of a task the user wants to perform
C) A prototype of the system performing a given task
D) Outputs generated by the system in performing a given task
E) An activity scenario
77) A use case can be used to perform which of the following tasks?
A) Transform the data model into the database design
B) Validate the data model
C) Fill the database with data
D) Implement business rules
E) Develop applications
78) The ________ is a representation of the content, relationships, and constraints of the data
needed to support the system requirements.
79) Distinguish between a data model and a database design.
80) What is a “use case” and how is it used?
81) An entity cannot be both weak and strong.
82) An entity that must logically depend on another entity is called a(n) ________ entity.
83) Explain the ambiguity in the broad definition of a weak entity.