108) Cultural change is easier when the organizational culture is strong.
109) Cultural change is likely to take place when a dramatic crisis occurs.
110) A leadership change can facilitate cultural change.
111) Stress is the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure placed on them from
extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities.
112) Stress can be caused by personal factors and by job-related factors.
113) Employers believe the main reason people leave their jobs is stress.
114) Taking away the employee’s opportunity to participate in decisions that affect him/her is
one way to relieve work-related stress.
115) Type B personalities seldom experience the symptoms of stress.
116) Stress symptoms can be categorized as physical, psychological, and psychomotor.
117) A realistic job preview during the selection process minimizes stress by reducing task
overload.
118) What are the conditions that facilitate cultural change?
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119) Write a short essay on stress, particularly as it relates to the workplace.
120) What are stressors? Discuss the five major categories of organizational stressors.
121) ________ refers to the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual
associations between ideas.
A) Innovation
B) Alteration
C) Creativity
D) Change
122) ________ is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product or
work method.
A) Innovation
B) Inspiration
C) Creativity
D) Ingenuity
123) Which of the following is an example of a cultural variable that fosters innovation?
A) abundant resources
B) low external controls
C) low specialization
D) high job security
124) When a member of her team offers an “off-the-wall” solution to a team problem, Martina
has to contend with what cultural variable?
A) tolerance of conflict
B) tolerance of risk
C) tolerance of the impractical
D) focus on ends
125) Which of the following is a structural variable that supports innovation?
A) work and non-work support
B) tolerance of conflict
C) focus on ends
D) high job security
126) An innovative culture is likely to have ________.
A) high external controls
B) low tolerance of risks
C) closed-system focus
D) tolerance of conflict
127) Edwin would like to increase the level of creativity and innovation in his department. One
step he could take would be to ________.
A) decrease external control
B) decrease diversity of opinions
C) reduce resources
D) resolve conflict
128) Which of the following structural variables is supportive of organizational innovation?
A) minimal time pressure
B) less creative people
C) high interunit communication
D) abundant resources
129) Earnest’s team works well when given “big picture” goals and allowed to develop ideas
without detailed explanations or guidance. This would indicate Earnest’s team is ________.
A) tolerant of conflict
B) an open-system focus team
C) tolerant of risk
D) accepting of ambiguity
130) ________ actively and enthusiastically support new ideas, build support, overcome
resistance, and ensure that innovations are implemented.
A) Idea champions
B) Idea developers
C) Idea generators
D) Idea screeners
131) Most idea champions ________.
A) have extremely high self-confidence
B) are lethargic
C) avoid risks
D) are relenting
132) Design thinking can provide a process for ________.
A) brainstorming
B) coming up with things that don’t exist
C) experimenting with customers
D) connecting idea champions in the design department with marketing experts
133) Creativity refers to the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual
associations between ideas.
134) Design thinking can do for innovation what TQM did for quality.
135) List a few cultural characteristics that an innovative organization possesses.
136) Disruptive innovation describes ________
A) innovations in products, services, or processes that radically change an industry’s rules of the
game
B) the introduction of significant improvements in existing products or services
C) disruptions in the economy that require new laws or regulations
D) breakthroughs in research that lead to new medical procedures
137) Which one of the following would be considered a disruptive innovation?
A) A new fuel source is developed for automobiles that emits no carbon.
B) A company learns how to harness the tides to make electricity.
C) Humans develop the capability of communicating telepathically.
D) Medical science develops a cure for all cancers.
138) Which one of the following would be considered a sustaining innovation?
A) Batteries for electric cars have a range of 500 miles on one charge.
B) The steam engine makes travel by rail possible.
C) Robots are trained as combat soldiers.
D) Chips embedded into the brain provide access to entire libraries.
139) The term skunk works refers to________.
A) a project gone bad
B) an entrepreneurial operation funded by a large organization
C) a production facility that no longer meets the needs of the organization
D) an off-balance-sheet, secret research facility engaged in questionable activities
140) Disruptive innovations are more likely to come from large companies with extensive
resources.
141) Large organizations have distinct cultures that limit their ability to move into new markets.
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142) Explain why large organizations are less likely to create disruptive innovations.