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CHAPTER FIVE
ART OF ANCIENT GREECE
5
Multiple Choice
1. The treatise by sculptor Polykleitos that specified a set of rules for constructing what he
considered to be the ideal human figure was called
A. the Doryphoros.
B. the Canon.
C. the Contrapposto.
D. the Symmetria.
2. The Propylaia was a monumental entrance to the Athenian Akropolis, which also housed one
of the earliest known
A. museums.
B. temples.
C. libraries.
D. theaters.
3. Which period is named for the influence of Egypt, the Near East, and Asia Minor on Greek
art?
A. Suma-Eastern
B. Hellenistic
C. Proto-Egyptian
D. Orientalizing
4. Which period is exemplified by the sculpture Man and Centaur (Fig. 5-3)?
A. Hellenistic
B. Oriental
C. Geometric
D. Classical
5. Which vase shape is exemplified by the beautiful black-figure vase of Dionysos with Maenads
(Fig. 5-25) by the Amasis Painter?
A. olpe
B. amphora
C. lekythos
D. krater
6. Which bronze sculpture was created as an illustration of the principles set out in the Canon of
Polykleitos?
A. Charioteer (Fig. 5-29)
B. Warrior (Fig. 5-30)
C. Spear Bearer (Doryphoros) (Fig. 5-43)
D. Aphrodite of Knidos (Fig. 5-54)
7. Which term refers to presenting standing figures with opposing alternations of tension and
relaxation around a central axis, a convention that dominates Greek Classical art?
A. pronaos
B. contrapposto
C. cantilevering
D. idealization
8. Which term means a city on top of a hill?
A. Parthenon
B. akropolis
C. Erechtheion
D. metropolis
9. According to some scholars, the Greeks’ defeat of the Persians in 480 BCE had what effect on
Greek art?
A. It accelerated artistic developments that led to the Classical Period.
B. Near Eastern traditions became more acceptable in Greek art.
C. Greek art was used as propaganda against the Persians.
D. Greek language and literature became dominant in the Near East and Egypt.
10. The practice of painting and fitting marble sculpture with bronze accessories reflects the
Greeks’ desire for art that shows a heightened sense of
A. luxury.
B. decoration.
C. emotionalism.
D. reality.
11. What feature do Greek kouroi and standing figures in Egyptian art have in common?
A. full nudity
B. the Archaic smile
C. a rigid stance
D. realistic proportion
12. Which medium did the Greeks prefer to use for figurative sculpture because it allowed for
complex action poses?
A. bronze
B. wood
C. marble
D. terra cotta
13. Which of the following features distinguishes the Doric order in Greek architecture?
A. a column that stands directly on the stylobate
B. fluted and elongated columns
C. a continuous frieze on the entablature
D. a peristyle colonnade with cistern
14. Which mathematical ratio contributed to the harmony and balance of the Parthenon?
A. 10:16
B. 6:12
C. 8:17
D. 4:9
15. By encouraging the viewer to move around the statue Man Scraping Himself (Apoxyomenos)
(Fig. 5-55), Lysippos demonstrated a new use of
A. space.
B. proportion.
C. scale.
D. modeling.
16. The term Pausian refers to
A. mosaic copies of painted originals
B. opulent floral borders in paintings and mosaics
C. hunting scenes with foreshortening.
D. textiles that incorporate symmetrical balance.
17. The Sanctuary at Delphi was the sacred home of the Greek god
A. Hermes.
B. Achilles.
C. Apollo.
D. Mars.
18. What did the artist do to contribute to the realism in the Battle Between the Gods and the
Giants (Fig. 5-8)?
A. overlapped the figures
B. included landscape elements
C. created orthogonals
D. stacked the pictorial motifs
19. Which early form of a temple order is illustrated in the Parthenon (Fig. 5-37A)?
A. Ionic
B. Caryatid
C. Corinthian
D. Doric
20. Upright stone slabs used in cemeteries as gravestones are called
A. stelai.
B. fillets.
C. cella.
D. volutes.
21. Which is an opaque, water-based medium mixed with glue or egg white, which was used on
white-ground lekythoi like the Woman and Maid vase (Fig. 5-52)?
A. mosaic
B. slip
C. tempera
D. gilding
22. Alexander the Great’s teacher was the philosopher
A. Pythagoras.
B. Aristotle.
C. Kallikrates.
D. Socrates.
23. Which earlier style influenced the Hellenistic sculpture Aphrodite of Melos (Venus de Milo)
(Fig. 5-68)?
A. Geometric
B. Minoan
C. Archaic
D. Classical
24. A specialty of Greek goldsmiths was the design of earrings in tiny forms of
A. sculpture.
B. tondo.
C. flowers.
D. abacus.
25. Olpe (Pitcher) (Fig. 5-4) is an early example of the technique called
A. red-figure.
B. white-figure.
C. black-figure.
D. incising.
26. In contrast to Egyptian temples, Greek temples encouraged the visitor to
A. walk around the exterior.
B. stay outside.
C. pass through a gate.
D. admire guardian figures.
Short Answer
1. What defined the early Greek city-state?
2. According to Greek legend, what is the story of creation?
3. What purpose did the Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi serve?
4. How does the Warrior (Fig. 5-30) combine idealized anatomical forms and naturalistic
details?
5. How did Perikles lead the High Classical Period?
6. What extraordinary artifacts are contained in the Erechtheion?
7. What was Hippodamos’s idea of a perfect city structure?
8. What happened to Alexander the Great’s empire following his death?
9. What were the many purposes of Greek theater?
10. What two trends did Hellenistic sculptors create?
Essay
1. Trace the development of pottery from black-figure to red-figure to white ground.
2. Compare the Spear Bearer (Doryphoros) (Fig. 5-43) by Polykleitos and Hermes and the Infant
Dionysos (Fig. 5-53) by Praxiteles.
3. Discuss the development of the figure in Greek art from the Archaic Period through the
Hellenistic Period.
4. Compare and contrast the kore and kouros with Egyptian royal sculpture.
5. Why is the theater at Epidauros characteristic of the fourth century BCE?
