CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE
THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE
SINCE THE 1950S
33
Multiple Choice
1. The art of Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg questioned the influential ideas of
A. Clement Greenberg.
B. John Cage.
C. Louise Nevelson.
D. Marcel Duchamp.
2. Because her figures are all silhouettes, which does not identify race, artist Kara Walker forces
the viewer to read the narrative by
A. looking for the iconography of color.
B. comparing the scene to other artists.
C. looking for other visual markers.
D. reading the text panels.
3. The text explains that Minimalist art is best understood when considered
A. in photographic reproductions.
B. in a gallery or museum context.
C. alongside the artists’ manifestoes.
D. from a distance.
4. Critic Lawrence Alloway may have named Pop Art after
A. movie popcorn.
B. his father.
C. a Tootsie Pop.
D. a popping balloon.
5. What did Andy Warhol create with Brillo Soap Pads Box (Fig. 33-14)?
A. an ironic critique
B. a reproduction
C. a religious parody
D. an aggressive confrontation
6. What does the form of Eva Hesse’s No Title (Fig. 33-23) reference?
A. fishing nets
B. paint drips
C. oceanic movements
D. traditional dances
7. What is one source that Mary Kelly draws on for her work Post-Partum Document (Fig. 33-
30)?
A. Buddhism
B. Marxism
C. Minimalism
D. Globalism
8. In their temporary installations, artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude approach the topic of
A. psychology.
B. communism.
C. religion.
D. capitalism.
9. How did artists of the 1960s and 1970s expand on the idea of feminist art?
A. They incorporated geometric form.
B. They took a biological approach.
C. They performed with male artists.
D. They wrote feminist manifestos.
10. Which of the following describes the work of Patricia Cronin in Shrine for Girls (Fig. 33-
73)?
A. expression of redemption
B. deconstruction of form
C. juxtaposition of aesthetics
D. innovation of new media
11. Jean-Michel Basquiat’s Neo-Expressionist paintings of the early 1980s developed out of his
work as a
A. musician.
B. performer.
C. graffiti artist.
D. poet.
12. What topic became controversial when Chris Ofili’s painting The Holy Virgin Mary (Fig. 33-
47) was displayed in the Brooklyn Museum?
A. art history
B. arts funding
C. access to art
D. communication
13. What did Joseph Beuys incorporate into performances to explain the inexplicable?
A. shamanistic personality
B. theatrical setting
C. complete environment
D. light show with silhouettes
14. The art of Josef Kosuth examined the conceptual relationships between visual images and
A. music.
B. linguistics.
C. physical experience.
D. national identity.
15. What social issue motivated David Wojnarowicz’s Untitled (Hands) (Fig. 33-56)?
A. the Vietnam War
B. the AIDS crisis
C. housing for the urban poor
D. funding for the arts
16. Which artist made a series of works, called combines, by assembling painting and sculpture?
A. Allan Kaprow
B. Robert Rauschenberg
C. Andy Warhol
D. Nam June Paik
17. According to the text, which of the following developments in contemporary art has resulted
from the rise of globalism in the twenty-first century?
A. International exhibitions provide opportunities for diverse artistic exchange.
B. Studio craft arts have taken a more prominent place in the art world.
C. Artists have shifted toward digital formats of film and video.
D. Artists engage with social, political, economic, and environmental concerns.
18. Eero Saarinen wanted to evoke the excitement of air travel in his expressive and swooping
design for
A. an art museum.
B. a skyscraper.
C. an airport terminal.
D. a residential house.
19. Louise Nevelson arrived at works such as Sky Cathedral (Fig. 33-2) after
A. piecing together different shapes of glass.
B. experimenting with combines.
C. stacking boxes of discarded objects.
D. collaging photographs.
20. Ana Mendieta’s Untitled, from the “Tree of Life” Series (Fig. 33-29) celebrates the notion
that women
A. have a deeper identification with nature than men do.
B. are more involved in the reproductive process.
C. are more intellectual and artistic than men are.
D. can withstand great amounts of physical and emotional pain.
21. Barbara Kruger’s signature style combines black-and-white photographic images with
A. traditional folk crafts.
B. the red used in advertising.
C. calligraphy and poetry.
D. provocative images of women.
22. Which artist inspired architect Zaha Hadid, as seen in Vitra Fire Station, Weil-am-Rhein
(Fig. 33-51)?
A. Marcel Duchamp
B. Jackson Pollock
C. Bill Viola
D. Kazimir Malevich
23. Critics of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial (Fig. 33-49) were especially outraged by the use of
A. the color black.
B. the serene setting.
C. the size and magnitude.
D. the listing of names.
24. Which movement was led informally by Damian Hirst, among the most sensational of
modern artists?
A. Neo-Expressionists
B. Young British Artists
C. Third Text
D. Womanhouse
25. What is the term for artists’ use of chance, actions, movements, and gestures of their own
bodies?
A. Process art
B. Pop art
C. Feminist art
D. Happenings
Short Answer
1. What effect has digital technology had on the world since the 1950s?
2. How did Andy Warhol use the image of Marilyn Monroe to comment on popular culture and
consumerism?
3. Discuss the iconography of Nam June Paik’s Electronic Superhighway: Continental U.S. (Fig.
33-22).
4. What are earthworks?
5. What defines Postmodern architecture?
6. How does Lorna Simpson address the question of race in Stereo Styles (Fig. 33-44)?
7. Why has Richard Serra’s Tilted Arc (Fig. 33-48) been so controversial?
8. How does Wenda Gu express the globalized world in the installation China Monument:
Temple of Heaven (Fig. 33-54)?
9. What are some examples of iconography that appear in Matthew Barney’s “The Cremaster
Cycle”?
10. How does William Kentridge use film?
Essay
1. Discuss the development of architecture since the 1950s, and provide examples.
2. Describe performance art that developed during the 1960s. What were the intentions of the
artists? Provide examples.
3. What new media developed during the last half of the twentieth century, and how did artists
challenge the idea of art and its acceptance?
4. Discuss the purposes and functions of works of installation with examples.
5. What are some of the ways in which artists have examined the role of the female form since
the 1950s?