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CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR
ART OF SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA
AFTER 1200
24
Multiple Choice
1. What was the first dynasty to unify large parts of the Indian subcontinent?
A. Mughal
B. Kushan
C. Maurya
D. Gupta
2. What Indian painting technique includes polishing pigments to a high luster?
A. stamping
B. burnishing
C. varnishing
D. glazing
3. Which work is an example of Rajput painting?
A. Jahangir and Shah Abbas (Fig. 24-10)
B. Krishna and the Gopis (Fig. 24-13)
C. Vedic (Fig. 24-26)
D. Bharat Mata (Mother India) (Fig. 24-25)
4. What inspired the form of the Sukhothai Buddha (Fig. 24-20)?
A. nature
B. stupas
C. light
D. reliefs
5. Who is the bodhisattva of greatest compassion?
A. Avalokiteshvara
B. Mahavira
C. Palas
D. Sukhothai
6. Mughal court painters produced paintings that documented Emperor Akbar’s life and
accomplishments recorded in the
A. Gita Govinda.
B. Akbarnama.
C. Fatehpur.
D. Gilgamesh.
7. Which religion’s centers were in the northeast, with great monastic universities that attracted
monks from as far away as China, Korea, and Japan?
A. Jainist
B. Buddhist
C. Hindu
D. Muslim
8. Portraits became a major art under which ruler’s court?
A. Akbar
B. Jahangir
C. Shah Jahan
D. Jayavarman VII
9. The practices of Tantric Buddhism included techniques for which of the following?
A. visualizing deities
B. unifying the soul
C. resurrecting the deceased
D. visualizing loved ones
10. In Bharat Mata (Fig. 24-25), artist Abanindranath Tagore expresses his nationalism using
what technique?
A. color printing
B. tempera
C. oil painting
D. watercolor
11. Akbar’s private audience hall in Fatehpur Sikri included a structure probably intended to
recall what from Indian history?
A. the Great Stupa at Sanchi
B. the pillars erected by King Ashoka
C. indigenous yakshi figures
D. sacred Vedic texts
12. What feature of the Taj Mahal (Figs. 24-1 and 24-12) has origins in Indian palace
architecture?
A. the garden
B. the minarets
C. the chattris
D. the pool
13. Which could best be described as a nationalist statement of Indian identity?
A. City Palace, Udaipur (Fig. 24-15)
B. Gateway of India (Fig. 24-24)
C. Bharat Mata (Mother India) (Fig. 24-25)
D. Temple of the Emerald Buddha (Fig. 24-21)
14. What is the name of the hybrid style represented in the Gateway of India (24-24), which
features European and South Asian elements of design?
A. Indo-Saracenic
B. Indo-Eurasian
C. South Asian-English
D. English-Malaysian
15. Which is typical of Mughal funerary structures, as seen in the Taj Mahal (Figs. 24-1 and 24-
12)?
A. a four-part garden
B. asymmetrical design
C. elaborate relief carvings
D. a pyramidal tower
16. What is characteristic of Indian paintings, as seen in Hour of Cowdust (Fig. 24-14)?
A. linear perspective
B. intense color
C. realistic landscapes
D. dynamic compositions
17. Based on the pyramidal towers of the seventh-century southern temple type, what silhouette
did the gopura evolve into?
A. rectangle
B. convex
C. concave
D. perpendicular
18. The Mandapa Ceiling at Luna Vasahi (Fig. 24-3) utilizes what type of dome construction?
A. post-and-lintel
B. corbeled
C. barrel vault
D. cantilever
19. Before the fourteenth century, most painting in India had been on walls or
A. palm leaves.
B. calf skin.
C. copper.
D. papyrus.
20. Both the Burmese and Thai kingdoms produced ceramics that were often inspired by
stoneware and porcelain vessels from
A. India.
B. Persia.
C. China.
D. Malaysia.
21. Where are the Petronas Towers (Fig. 24-27) located?
A. Thailand
B. Sri Lanka
C. Malaysia
D. India
22. Viewing themselves as defenders of the faith, the Hindu rulers in the south expressed their
religious zeal, as well as secular power, by building enormous temple complexes, such as the
A. Taj Mahal (Fig. 24-1).
B. Minakshi-Sundareshvara Temple (Fig. 24-7).
C. Shwedagon Stupa (Pagoda) (Fig. 24-19).
D. Temple of the Emerald Buddha (Wat Phra Kaew) (Fig. 24-21).
23. The Jain religion traces its roots to a series of 24 saviors, known as pathfinders or
A. tirthankaras.
B. gopuras.
C. mudras.
D. mamluks.
24. What feature of the Qutb Minar, a minaret at Quwwat ul-Islam Mosque in Delhi, was unique
for the time?
A. its location
B. its medium
C. its height
D. its balcony
25. Who designed the Victoria Terminus (Fig. 24-23), the massive train station built in Mumbai
in 1887?
A. Sir Bartle Frere
B. King George V
C. George Wittet
D. Frederick Stevens
Short Answer
1. Discuss the characteristics of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara (Fig. 24-2).
2. What are the beliefs of the Jain religion?
3. Discuss the significance of the Emerald Buddha (Fig. 24-21). What are its characteristics?
4. What is a buddharaja, and how did Jayavarman VII use the image?
5. Consider the significance of the Mandapa Ceiling at Luna Vasahi (Fig. 24-3). What do the
relief sculptures represent?
6. Discuss the Indian technique of painting on paper.
7. Discuss the work of contemporary Indian painter Maqbool Fida Husain. What artistic
influences can you detect in his work?
8. Who is Krishna, and how is he represented in Indian art?
9. What is meaning of Jahangir and Shah Abbas (Fig. 24-10)?
10. Who commissioned the Taj Mahal (Figs. 24-1 and 24-12) and for what purpose? Address its
setting, the materials used in its construction, and its design.
Essay
1. Discuss the influence of outside cultures on the art and architecture of India, citing specific
examples to support your ideas. Consider how indigenous practices and beliefs were
incorporated into this later period.
2. Consider the impact of the Mughal dynasty on the art and architecture of India. Include in
your discussion the contributions of specific rulers through their patronage and interest in the
arts.
3. Discuss the architectural advancements of India and South Asia in the period after 1200.
Answer:
4. In Akbar Inspecting the Construction of Fatehpur Sikri (Fig. 24-9), how does the artist use
color, line, shape, and spatial properties to convey the emotion and energy of the situation?
5. Discuss the impact of the British Empire on the art and architecture of India, referencing
specific works of art and monuments.
