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5) ADRs that are created at the request of a foreign firm wanting its shares traded in the United
States are:
A) facilitated.
B) unfacilitated.
C) sponsored.
D) unsponsored.
6) Who pays the costs of creating a sponsored ADR?
A) the foreign firm whose stocks underlie the ADR
B) the U.S. bank creating the ADR
C) both the U.S. bank and the foreign firm
D) the SEC since they require the regulation
7) Level I ADRs trade primarily:
A) on the New York Stock Exchange.
B) on the American Stock Exchange.
C) over the counter or pink sheets.
D) Level I ADRs typically do not trade at all, but instead are privately issued and held until
maturity.
8) Level II ADRs must meet:
A) U.S. GAAP standards.
B) home country accounting standards.
C) both U.S. GAAP and home country standards.
D) none of the above
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9) Level ________ is the easiest standard to satisfy for issuing ADRs.
A) 144a
B) III
C) II
D) I
10) Level III ADR commitment applies to:
A) firms that want to list existing shares on the NYSE.
B) banks issuing foreign mutual funds.
C) ADR issues of under $25,000.
D) the sale of a new equity issued in the United States.
11) ADRs cannot be exchanged for the underlying shares of the foreign stock, therefore,
arbitrage cannot keep the prices in line with the foreign price of the stock.
12) An unsponsored ADR may be initiated without the approval of the foreign firm with the
underlying stock.
13) ADRs are considered an effective way for firms to improve the liquidity of their stock,
especially if the home market is small and illiquid.
14) Depositary Receipts intra-market trades account for more than 90% of all DR trading today.
15) One of the benefits of investing in Global Registered Shares (GRS) is that GRS allow to
invest in foreign companies without foreign exchange risk.
16) ADRs are a popular investment tool for many U.S. investors. In recent years several
alternatives for investing in foreign equity securities have become available for U.S. investors,
yet ADRs remain popular. Define what an ADR is and provide at least three examples of the
advantages they may hold over alternative foreign investment vehicles for U.S. investors.
17) List and describe three differences and advantages of Global Registered Shares (GRS) over
American Depositary Receipts (ADRs).
1) Which of the following were NOT identified by the authors as an alternative instrument to
source equity in global markets?
A) sale of a directed public share issue to investors in a target market
B) private placements under SEC rule 144a
C) sale of shares to private equity funds
D) All of the above are alternatives to source equity instruments.
2) Private equity funds (PEF) differ from traditional venture capital (VC) funds in that:
A) VC operates mainly in lesser-developed countries while PEF do not.
B) VC typically invests in family business whereas PEF do not.
C) VC is almost unavailable to emerging markets while PEF capital is available.
D) All of the above are true.
3) The stock exchange with the greatest value of shares traded is:
A) NYSE.
B) Tokyo.
C) Nasdaq.
D) London.
4) The number of foreign firms traded on the London exchange is ________ than the number
traded on the NYSE, and the costs of listing and disclosure in London are ________ those for the
NYSE.
A) less than; less than
B) less than; greater than
C) greater than; less than
D) greater than; greater than
5) Your authors note several empirical studies that have found:
A) no share price effect for foreign firms that cross-list on major U.S. exchanges.
B) a positive share price effect for foreign firms that cross-list on major U.S. exchanges.
C) a negative share price effect for foreign firms that cross-list on major U.S. exchanges.
D) none of the above
6) Empirical evidence shows that new issues of equity by domestic firms in the U.S. market
typically has a ________ stock price reaction and new equity issues in the U.S. markets by
foreign firms with segmented domestic markets have a ________ stock price reaction.
A) negative; negative
B) positive; negative
C) negative; positive
D) positive; positive
7) In addition to gaining liquidity, which of the following could also be considered a legitimate
reason for cross-listing equity?
A) enhance a firm's local image
B) become more familiar with the local financial community
C) get better local press coverage
D) all of the above
8) Another school of thought about the worldwide trend toward fuller and more standardized
disclosure rules is that the cost of U.S. level equity capital disclosure:
A) chases away potential listers of equity.
B) is an onerous costly burden.
C) leads to fewer foreign firms cross listing in U.S. equity markets.
D) all of the above
9) According to the U.S. school of thought, the worldwide trend toward fuller and more
standardized disclosure rules should ________ the cost of equity capital.
A) increase
B) decrease
C) have no impact on
D) none of the above
10) For the most part, U.S. SEC disclosure requirements are ________ other, non-U.S. equity
market rules.
A) more stringent than
B) less stringent than
C) equally stringent to
D) none of the above
11) SEC rule 144A permits institutional buyers to trade privately placed securities without the
previous holding periods restrictions and without requiring SEC registration.
12) Private equity funds are best known for buying control of private owned firms, taking them
publicly, improving management, and then reselling them after one to three years.
13) Private equity funds appear to have a longer time horizon than traditional venture capital
funds.
14) The combined impact of a new equity issue undertaken simultaneously with a cross-listing
has a more favorable impact on stock price than cross-listing alone.
15) Because of stringent SEC rules, American companies typically do not find foreign disclosure
rules to be overly onerous.
16) The Tokyo exchange is the number one choice of firms looking to gain liquidity by cross-
listing their equity securities.
17) The least liquid stock markets as identified by the authors offer little liquidity for their own
domestic firms, and are of little value to foreign firms.
18) What are the two schools of thought regarding the worldwide trend toward increased
financial disclosure by publicly traded firms. Explain which school of thought you hold to and
why.
19) Private equity funds differ from traditional venture capital funds. List and discuss three
differences between them.
1) ________ are domestic currencies of one country on deposit in a second country.
A) LIBORs
B) Eurocurrencies
C) Federal funds
D) Discount window deposits
2) Of the following, which was NOT cited by the authors as a valuable function provided by the
Eurocurrency market?
A) Eurocurrency deposits are an efficient and convenient money market device for holding
excess corporate liquidity.
B) Eurocurrency deposits are a tool used by the Federal Reserve to regulate the money supply of
countries that peg their currency against the U.S. dollar.
C) The Eurocurrency market is a major source of short-term bank loans to finance corporate
working capital needs.
D) All of the above were cited by the authors.
3) Eurobanks are:
A) banks where Eurocurrencies are deposited.
B) major world banks that conduct a Eurocurrency business in addition to normal banking
activities.
C) financial intermediaries that simultaneously bid for time deposits in and make loans in a
currency other than that of the currency of where it is located.
D) All of the above are descriptions of a Eurobank.
4) Eurocredits are:
A) bank loans to MNEs and others denominated in a currency other than that of the country
where the bank is located.
B) typically variable rate and tied to the LIBOR.
C) usually for maturities of six months or less.
D) All of the above are true.
5) In general, which has the shorter maturity and is more appropriate for funding short-term
inventory needs?
A) commercial paper
B) Euro-Medium-Term notes (EMTNs)
C) the international bond market
D) all of the above
6) Foreign bonds sold in the United States are nicknamed "Yankee bonds," foreign bonds sold in
Japan are called "Samurai bonds." What are foreign bonds sold in the United Kingdom
nicknamed?
A) "Union Jacks"
B) "Royalty"
C) "Bulldogs"
D) "Churchill's"
7) A ________ is a bond underwritten by a syndicate from a single country, sold within in that
country, denominated in that country's currency, but the issuer is from outside that country.
A) foreign bond
B) Eurobond
C) domestic bond
D) none of the above
8) The eurobond market owes its existence to all of the following reasons unique factors
EXCEPT:
A) free bond ratings
B) the absence of regulatory interference
C) less stringent disclosure practices
D) favorable tax treatment
9) Eurocurrencies are NOT the same as the euro developed for the common European currency.
10) The Eurocurrency market continues to thrive because it is a large international money market
relatively free of governmental regulation and interference.
11) Moody's rates international bonds at the request of the issuer with the stipulation that
Moody's will publish the ratings even if the ratings are unfavorable.
12) Eurobonds offer tax anonymity.
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13) Eurobonds are usually issued in registered form.
14) Moody's assesses the investor's risk caused by changing exchange rates in the investment.
15) The Euro-medium-term-note (EMTN) has filled a substantial niche market in global
financing. What are the distinguishing characteristics of the EMTN and why is it such a popular
form of financing for MNEs?
1) This section does not contain any questions.
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