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Health: The Basics, 12e (Donatelle)
Chapter 12 Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer
1) How many adult Americans suffer from some type of cardiovascular disease?
A) one out of five
B) one out of four
C) one out of three
D) one out of two
Skill: Remembering
Section: Cardiovascular Disease in the United States
Learning Outcome: 12.1
2) The absence of clinical indicators of cardiovascular disease and the presence of certain
behavioral and health factor metrics is known as
A) cardiovascular fitness.
B) cardiorespiratory fitness.
C) heart-related quality of life.
D) ideal cardiovascular health.
Skill: Remembering
Section: Cardiovascular Disease in the United States
Learning Outcome: 12.1
3) The human heart is about the size of a(n)
A) golf ball.
B) adult‘s fist.
C) small plum.
D) grapefruit.
Skill: Remembering
Section: Understanding the Cardiovascular System
Learning Outcome: 12.2
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4) Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) is
A) a set of risk factors that affect both cardiovascular health and the body’s metabolic processes.
B) a group of metabolic conditions occurring together that increase the risk for cardiovascular
disease and type 2 diabetes.
C) the cardiovascular and metabolic factors that together increase the risk for cognitive decline.
D) a measurement of a given individual’s risk for coronary artery disease and/or type 2 diabetes.
Skill: Understanding
Section: Reducing Your Risks
Learning Outcome: 12.4
5) Which of the following can help prevent cardiovascular disease?
A) living a sedentary life
B) avoiding tobacco
C) consuming a moderate level of trans fats
D) raising LDL levels
Skill: Understanding
Section: Reducing Your Risks
Learning Outcome: 12.4
6) Which of the following blood cholesterol profiles is optimal?
A) total cholesterol = 200; HDL cholesterol = 30
B) total cholesterol = 240; LDL cholesterol = 180
C) total cholesterol = 170; HDL cholesterol = 70
D) HDL cholesterol = 50; LDL cholesterol = 130
Skill: Analyzing
Section: Reducing Your Risks
Learning Outcome: 12.4
7) Which of the following characteristics would be consistent with a diagnosis of metabolic
syndrome in an adult female?
A) blood pressure of 155/90
B) fasting blood glucose of 80 mg/dL
C) HDL of 60
D) waist measurement of 30 inches
Skill: Analyzing
Section: Reducing Your Risks
Learning Outcome: 12.4
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8) The average healthy adult heart beats 70-80 beats per minute. A lower heart rate of 60 might
indicate that
A) the individual is very fit.
B) a heart valve is malfunctioning.
C) the individual is stressed.
D) the individual is engaging in vigorous exercise.
Skill: Analyzing
Section: Understanding the Cardiovascular System
Learning Outcome: 12.2
9) An adult with a damaged sinoatrial node
A) must have a heart transplant to survive.
B) must have a pacemaker implanted to control the heart rhythm.
C) must take medication to control the heartbeat.
D) does not usually have any significant health problems.
Skill: Understanding
Section: Understanding the Cardiovascular System
Learning Outcome: 12.2
10) Which of the following is TRUE in regard to atherosclerosis?
A) It is characterized by a buildup of substances within the arteries that form plaque.
B) It is easily reversed with medication and exercise.
C) It only starts to develop after the age of 50.
D) Males are much more likely to develop it than are women.
Skill: Understanding
Section: Key Cardiovascular Diseases
Learning Outcome: 12.3
11) An individual would most likely suffer from angina pectoris when
A) sleeping.
B) walking up a flight of stairs.
C) working at a computer.
D) watching television.
Skill: Applying
Section: Key Cardiovascular Diseases
Learning Outcome: 12.3
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12) All of the following are methods of reducing risk for CVD EXCEPT
A) quitting smoking.
B) achieving and maintaining a healthy weight.
C) increasing triglycerides in your blood.
D) increasing exercise.
Skill: Understanding
Section: Reducing Your Risks
Learning Outcome: 12.4
13) A reduction in the oxygen supply to a part of the body or an organ such as the heart is known
as
A) angina pectoris.
B) ischemia.
C) atherosclerosis.
D) myocardial infarction.
Skill: Remembering
Section: Key Cardiovascular Diseases
Learning Outcome: 12.3
14) Metabolic syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
A) fat deposits in the abdomen.
B) insulin resistance.
C) elevated triglycerides.
D) low blood pressure.
Skill: Understanding
Section: Reducing Your Risks
Learning Outcome: 12.4
15) Which of the following represents the correct sequence of blood flow as it travels through the
heart?
A) right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
B) aorta, right ventricle, right atrium, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle
C) left ventricle, left atrium, aorta, right ventricle, right atrium, lungs
D) venae cavae, both atria, both ventricles, aorta
Skill: Understanding
Section: Understanding the Cardiovascular System
Learning Outcome: 12.2
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16) Which of the following would NOT be a contributing cause of congestive heart failure?
A) rheumatic fever
B) radiation or chemotherapy
C) reaction to a tetanus vaccination
D) pneumonia
Skill: Understanding
Section: Key Cardiovascular Diseases
Learning Outcome: 12.3
17) All of the following occur as part of congestive heart failure EXCEPT
A) shortness of breath.
B) the flow of blood through the veins backs up.
C) the heart becomes enlarged, making it less efficient.
D) blood cannot accumulate in the legs, ankles, or lungs.
Skill: Understanding
Section: Key Cardiovascular Diseases
Learning Outcome: 12.3
18) Which of the following represents the most serious type of heart arrhythmia?
A) tachycardia
B) bradycardia
C) fibrillation
D) sinus rhythm
Skill: Understanding
Section: Key Cardiovascular Diseases
Learning Outcome: 12.3
19) Cardiovascular disease
A) occurs in nearly 25 percent of African Americans.
B) causes nearly 25 percent more deaths each year than it did a decade ago.
C) is second only to cancer as a leading cause of death among Americans.
D) has been the leading cause of death in the U.S. for nearly 100 years.
Skill: Analyzing
Section: Cardiovascular Disease in the United States
Learning Outcome: 12.1
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20) Which of the following foods should be consumed daily as part of a heart-healthy diet?
A) steak
B) plant oils
C) bacon
D) fried foods
Skill: Applying
Section: Reducing Your Risks
Learning Outcome: 12.4
21) Of the following lifestyle choices, the MOST helpful for achieving an improved HDL to
LDL ratio is to
A) reduce the amount of cholesterol in your diet.
B) engage in regular exercise.
C) increase your intake of dietary protein.
D) increase your intake of simple carbohydrates.
Skill: Applying
Section: Reducing Your Risks
Learning Outcome: 12.4
22) Which of the following groups has the highest incidence of hypertension?
A) men under the age of 55
B) women over 40 who have type 2 diabetes
C) African Americans
D) Asian Americans
Skill: Understanding
Section: Key Cardiovascular Diseases
Learning Outcome: 12.3
23) Nonmodifiable risk factors for CVD include all of the following EXCEPT
A) heredity.
B) gender.
C) race.
D) blood cholesterol levels.
Skill: Understanding
Section: Reducing Your Risks
Learning Outcome: 12.4
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24) Which of the following body shapes represents a higher risk for heart disease?
A) pear
B) apple
C) hourglass
D) pencil
Skill: Understanding
Section: Reducing Your Risks
Learning Outcome: 12.4
25) The blood level of which type of protein rises during an inflammatory reaction?
A) polypeptides
B) amino acids
C) collagen
D) C-reactive protein
Skill: Understanding
Section: Reducing Your Risks
Learning Outcome: 12.4
26) Which of the following is NOT a technique used to diagnose heart disease?
A) electrocardiogram
B) angioplasty
C) ultrafast computed tomography
D) positron emission tomography
Skill: Understanding
Section: Diagnosing and Treating Cardiovascular Disease
Learning Outcome: 12.5
27) Aspirin is sometimes recommended for treating cardiovascular disease because it
A) reduces the risk of clot formation.
B) increases the absorption of nutrients in cardiac muscle.
C) increases the body’s excretion of sodium.
D) is part of thrombolysis therapy.
Skill: Understanding
Section: Diagnosing and Treating Cardiovascular Disease
Learning Outcome: 12.5
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28) A biopsy reveals that a woman who has had breast cancer now has cancer in her lymph
nodes. The process of cancer spreading from one organ or body area to others is
A) metastasis.
B) transference.
C) transvergence.
D) malignance.
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Is Cancer?
Learning Outcome: 12.7
29) Being completely “cured” of cancer means that an individual has
A) only a 10 percent chance of recurrence.
B) survived for five years.
C) no subsequent cancer and can expect to live a long and productive life.
D) only a 25 percent chance of recurrence.
Skill: Understanding
Section: Cancer: An Epidemiological Overview
Learning Outcome: 12.6
30) Which of the following statements is TRUE with respect to the genetic risk of cancer?
A) Oncogenes are suspected cancer-causing genes.
B) Scientists think that the majority of cancer types are hereditary.
C) Breast cancer does not appear to run in families.
D) The genetic risk of developing cancer can be easily distinguished from environmental risks.
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Causes Cancer?
Learning Outcome: 12.8
31) Which of the following behaviors would most likely increase the risk of developing cancer?
A) training and participating in a 10K race
B) increasing your BMI by using weight training to build muscle
C) eating a diet high in empty calories
D) taking a stress management class
Skill: Applying
Section: What Causes Cancer?
Learning Outcome: 12.8
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32) A construction company used asbestos on many job sites over the years. Asbestos is a(n)
A) widely used dye.
B) radioactive material.
C) environmental carcinogen.
D) pesticide.
Skill: Applying
Section: What Causes Cancer?
Learning Outcome: 12.8
33) Which of the following is TRUE about radiation and cancer?
A) Ionizing radiation has been proven safe.
B) Ionizing radiation is the only form of radiation proven to cause cancer.
C) Exposure to radon has not been shown to increase the risk of cancer.
D) Ultraviolet radiation exposure does not increase cancer risk.
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Causes Cancer?
Learning Outcome: 12.8
34) Which of the following is TRUE with respect to tumors?
A) A benign tumor is always harmless, whereas a malignant tumor can be fatal.
B) A malignant tumor is usually encapsulated and can metastasize.
C) A benign tumor can invade surrounding tissue, producing mutant cells, but it will not
metastasize.
D) A malignant tumor can invade surrounding tissue, produce mutant cells, and metastasize.
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Is Cancer?
Learning Outcome: 12.7
35) All of the following are well-documented risk factors for breast cancer EXCEPT
A) early onset of menstruation and/or late menopause.
B) consuming 3 to 4 alcoholic drinks per week.
C) not having children or having your first child after the age of 30.
D) having a family history of breast cancer.
Skill: Understanding
Section: Types of Cancers
Learning Outcome: 12.9
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36) Prostate cancer risk
A) has no correlation to family history.
B) is highest among Latino men.
C) is not affected by diet.
D) increases dramatically with age.
Skill: Understanding
Section: Types of Cancers
Learning Outcome: 12.9
37) Gwen began to have sex at an early age. She may be at increased risk for
A) leukemia.
B) breast cancer.
C) cervical cancer.
D) inherited mutations.
Skill: Applying
Section: What Causes Cancer?
Learning Outcome: 12.8
38) All of the following are ways to reduce carcinogens in the environment EXCEPT
A) buying ecofriendly cleaning and personal products.
B) using weed killers in your garden.
C) choosing organic foods when possible.
D) using bleach-free paper products.
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Causes Cancer?
Learning Outcome: 12.8
39) Jeremy was told that his cancer could not be treated with radiotherapy and must be treated
with chemotherapy. This is probably because the cancer is
A) no longer localized.
B) too small to target with radiation.
C) in remission.
D) localized.
Skill: Applying
Section: Facing Cancer
Learning Outcome: 12.10