19
69) Differences in health conditions among specific populations are
A) risk behaviors.
B) health promotions.
C) health disparities.
D) medical treatments.
Skill: Remembering
Section: What Influences Your Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.3
70) A person whose parents smoke is more likely to smoke based on this being a(n)
A) enabling factor.
B) contributing factor.
C) reinforcing factor.
D) predisposing factor.
Skill: Remembering
Section: How Can You Improve Your Health Behaviors?
Learning Outcome: 1.5
71) Support from others to change a behavior is an example of a(n)
A) enabling factor.
B) contributing factor.
C) reinforcing factor.
D) predisposing factor.
Skill: Understanding
Section: How Can You Improve Your Health Behaviors?
Learning Outcome: 1.5
72) Which change model was created to illustrate how firmly held ideas affect behavior change?
A) health belief model
B) transtheoretical model
C) social cognitive model
D) shaping model
Skill: Understanding
Section: How Does Behavior Change Occur?
Learning Outcome: 1.4
20
73) The achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions is
A) recovery.
B) wellness.
C) fitness.
D) motivation.
Skill: Remembering
Section: What Is Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.2
74) The ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in the physical, social,
emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and environmental dimensions is the definition of
A) health.
B) satisfaction.
C) fitness.
D) recovery.
Skill: Remembering
Section: What Is Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.2
75) Actions that increase one’s susceptibility to negative health outcomes are which type of
behaviors?
A) reinforcing
B) predetermined
C) risk
D) influential
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Is Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.2
76) The stage of change a smoker is in when he or she has no intention of quitting is
A) preparation.
B) contemplation.
C) precontemplation.
D) maintenance.
Skill: Remembering
Section: How Does Behavior Change Occur?
Learning Outcome: 1.4
21
77) The process of taking small individual steps toward a behavior change goal is
A) action.
B) journaling.
C) preparation.
D) shaping.
Skill: Understanding
Section: How Can You Improve Your Health Behaviors?
Learning Outcome: 1.5
78) Setting up a small reward to encourage yourself to complete each week’s exercise goal is an
example of
A) positive reinforcement.
B) negative reinforcement.
C) shaping.
D) encouragement.
Skill: Applying
Section: How Can You Improve Your Health Behaviors?
Learning Outcome: 1.5
79) The absence of disease or illness is the optimal description of health.
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Is Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.2
80) Emotional health is the same as intellectual health.
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Is Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.2
81) Health-related quality of life describes the impact of an individual’s health on his or her daily
functioning.
Skill: Understanding
Section: Why Health, Why Now?
Learning Outcome: 1.1
22
82) Being able to perform activities of daily living is an aspect of physical health.
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Is Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.2
83) The development of self-esteem is an important part of intellectual health.
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Is Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.2
84) Spiritual health can only be achieved through an organized religion.
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Is Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.2
85) A disabled person can never achieve the highest level of wellness.
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Is Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.2
86) One of the goals of the Healthy People 2020 public health initiative is to create social and
physical environments that promote health.
Skill: Remembering
Section: What Influences Your Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.3
87) Healthy life expectancy is another term for life span.
Skill: Understanding
Section: Why Health, Why Now?
Learning Outcome: 1.1
23
88) The wellness continuum ranges from a low point of beginning to experience some type of
symptom to a high point of optimal health and well-being.
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Is Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.2
89) Social factors, biology and genetics, individual behavior, health services, and policymaking
all combine to determine a person’s health status.
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Influences Your Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.3
90) Excessive drug and alcohol consumption and poor sleep habits are the primary modifiable
determinants related to chronic diseases.
Skill: Understanding
Section: What Influences Your Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.3
91) For a low-income individual without dental insurance, cost can be a perceived barrier to
obtaining necessary dental care.
Skill: Applying
Section: How Does Behavior Change Occur?
Learning Outcome: 1.4
92) A risk behavior is some type of action that increases the chances of a negative health
outcome.
Skill: Remembering
Section: What Is Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.2
24
93) Think of a health-related behavior you would like to change. List at least three resources that
you will use to help you make a plan for change and explain why you selected these resources.
Skill: Analyzing
Section: How Can You Improve Your Health Behaviors?
Learning Outcome: 1.5
94) Define health-related quality of life.
Skill: Understanding
Section: Why Health, Why Now?
Learning Outcome: 1.1
95) List the six dimensions of health and provide a brief description for each. Briefly describe a
plan for improving one dimension of health in your own life.
Skill: Applying
Section: What Is Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.2
96) Discuss the overall objectives of health promotion.
Skill: Applying
Section: What Is Health?
Learning Outcome: 1.2
25
97) Compare life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
Skill: Analyzing
Section: Why Health, Why Now?
Learning Outcome: 1.1
98) How can an individual develop a greater internal locus of control?
Skill: Applying
Section: How Can You Improve Your Health Behaviors?
Learning Outcome: 1.5
99) Describe how the practices of shaping, visualization, and modeling might be used to change
physical activity habits.
Skill: Applying
Section: How Can You Improve Your Health Behaviors?
Learning Outcome: 1.5
26
100) Jean drinks at least eight cans of soda each day. She knows that she should drink water, but
the soda is much more satisfying because she loves its sweet taste. She has decided that she is
going to stop drinking so much soda Sunday through Friday; she will reward herself by drinking
soda on Saturday, and not making herself drink any water that day. She is confident that by the
end of eight weeks, she will successfully overcome her soda habit and learn to like drinking
water. Do you think Jean will successfully reach her goal by following her plan? Critique her
plan and propose an alternate series of steps for her to follow to achieve her goal.
Skill: Analyzing
Section: How Can You Improve Your Health Behaviors?
Learning Outcome: 1.5