92) An unintended consequence of the jetty that protects the harbor entrance at Newport Harbor,
California is a wave pattern that has crippled and killed many body surfers due to ________.
A) destructive interference
B) standing waves
C) tsunami
D) wave reflection
E) wave refraction
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.4 How Do Waves Change in the Surf Zone?
Essent’l Concept: 8.4 Explain how waves change in the surf zone
93) The majority of tsunami are caused by underwater ________.
A) avalanches
B) fault movement
C) meteorite impacts
D) turbidity currents
E) volcanic eruptions
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.5 How Are Tsunami Created?
Essent’l Concept: 8.5 Describe the origin and characteristics of tsunami
94) Which of the following are unlikely to generate a tsunami?
A) Underwater slope failure
B) Transform fault
C) Turbidity current
D) Volcanic collapse
E) Volcanic eruption
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.5 How Are Tsunami Created?
Essent’l Concept: 8.5 Describe the origin and characteristics of tsunami
31
95) Which of the following is the least frequent cause of a tsunami in recent centuries?
A) Fault movement
B) Landslides
C) Meteorite impacts
D) Volcanic eruptions
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.5 How Are Tsunami Created?
Essent’l Concept: 8.5 Describe the origin and characteristics of tsunami
96) A vast majority of all large tsunami are generated in the ________ Ocean.
A) Antarctic
B) Atlantic
C) Indian
D) Pacific
E) Southern
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.5 How Are Tsunami Created?
Essent’l Concept: 8.5 Describe the origin and characteristics of tsunami
97) Which of the following caused the tsunami at Krakatau in 1883?
A) Fault movement
B) Landslide
C) Meteorite impact
D) Volcanic eruption
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.5 How Are Tsunami Created?
Essent’l Concept: 8.5 Describe the origin and characteristics of tsunami
98) Which of the following caused the tsunami that killed 159 people in 1946?
A) Fault movement
B) Landslide
C) Meteorite impact
D) Volcanic eruption
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.5 How Are Tsunami Created?
Essent’l Concept: 8.5 Describe the origin and characteristics of tsunami
32
99) Which of the following caused the anomalously large tsunami in Papua New Guinea in
1998?
A) Fault movement
B) Underwater landslide
C) Meteorite impact
D) Volcanic eruption
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.5 How Are Tsunami Created?
Essent’l Concept: 8.5 Describe the origin and characteristics of tsunami
100) Which of the following caused the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004?
A) Fault movement
B) Landslide
C) Meteorite impact
D) Volcanic eruption
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.5 How Are Tsunami Created?
Essent’l Concept: 8.5 Describe the origin and characteristics of tsunami
101) Conditions for the development of wave energy are most optimal along ________ shores in
the ________ Hemisphere.
A) eastern; Northern
B) eastern; Southern
C) western; Northern
D) western; Southern
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.6 Can Power from Waves Be Harnessed as a Source of Energy?
Essent’l Concept: 8.6 Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of harnessing waves as a
source of energy
33
102) Conditions for the development of wave energy are least optimal along ________ shores in
the ________ Hemisphere.
A) eastern; Northern
B) eastern; Southern
C) western; Northern
D) western; Southern
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.6 Can Power from Waves Be Harnessed as a Source of Energy?
Essent’l Concept: 8.6 Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of harnessing waves as a
source of energy
103) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Internal waves are
associated with pycnoclines BECAUSE these waves travel along the boundary between waters
of different density.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 8.1 How Are Waves Generated and How Do They Move?
Essent’l Concept: 8.1 Demonstrate an understanding of how waves are generated and how they
move
104) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Human activities can
cause waves BECAUSE the movement of air across the ocean surface creates ocean waves.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 8.1 How Are Waves Generated and How Do They Move?
Essent’l Concept: 8.1 Demonstrate an understanding of how waves are generated and how they
move
34
105) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Ocean waves are not
considered body waves BECAUSE they transmit energy through the upper part of the ocean near
the interface between the atmosphere and the ocean.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 8.1 How Are Waves Generated and How Do They Move?
Essent’l Concept: 8.1 Demonstrate an understanding of how waves are generated and how they
move
106) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The circular orbit of
wave motion returns the floating object to its exact original position BECAUSE the half orbit in
the trough is at the same velocity as the crest half of the orbit.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 8.2 What Characteristics Do Waves Posses?
Essent’l Concept: 8.2 Describe the characteristics of waves
107) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The main cause of
rogue waves is theorized to be an extraordinary case of destructive wave interference BECAUSE
rogue waves are the suspected cause of many of the approximately 1,000 sinkings that occur
each year.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 8.3 How Do Wind-Generated Waves Develop?
Essent’l Concept: 8.3 Discuss how wind-generated waves develop
35
108) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Waves break in the surf
zone BECAUSE particle motion near the bottom of the wave is severely restricted.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 8.4 How Do Waves Change in the Surf Zone?
Essent’l Concept: 8.4 Explain how waves change in the surf zone
109) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The curling crest in a
plunging breaker occurs BECAUSE they are the best waves for surfing.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 8.4 How Do Waves Change in the Surf Zone?
Essent’l Concept: 8.4 Explain how waves change in the surf zone
110) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Board surfers tend to
avoid plunging breakers BECAUSE they break right at the shoreline.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 8.4 How Do Waves Change in the Surf Zone?
Essent’l Concept: 8.4 Explain how waves change in the surf zone
36
111) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The same waves break
against both headlands and in nearby bays, but their energy is different BECAUSE wave
reflection causes the distribution of wave energy to change between them.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 8.4 How Do Waves Change in the Surf Zone?
Essent’l Concept: 8.4 Explain how waves change in the surf zone
112) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Many people call
tsunami “tidal waves” BECAUSE they are related to the tides.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 8.5 How Are Tsunami Created?
Essent’l Concept: 8.5 Describe the origin and characteristics of tsunami
113) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Transform faults do not
generally generate tsunami BECAUSE the side-to-side movement of these faults does not change
the volume of the ocean basin.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Answer: A
Diff: 4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 8.5 How Are Tsunami Created?
Essent’l Concept: 8.5 Describe the origin and characteristics of tsunami
37
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
8.3 Essay Questions
1) Compare shallow-water and deep-water waves.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.2 What Characteristics Do Waves Posses?
Essent’l Concept: 8.2 Describe the characteristics of waves
2) Describe what happens to a deep-water wave when it enters shallow water and eventually
breaks.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.4 How Do Waves Change in the Surf Zone?
Essent’l Concept: 8.4 Explain how waves change in the surf zone
3) Using examples, explain how wave refraction is different from wave reflection.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.4 How Do Waves Change in the Surf Zone?
Essent’l Concept: 8.4 Explain how waves change in the surf zone
38
4) Briefly describe how tsunami are generated and include a description of characteristics such as
wavelength and wave speed. Do tsunami behave as shallow-water waves? Why or why not and
how does this influence their movement in shallow versus deeper water? What would the
shoreline look like when the trough of tsunami arrives?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.5 How Are Tsunami Created?
Essent’l Concept: 8.5 Describe the origin and characteristics of tsunami
5) Compare and contrast wind-generated waves and internal waves. Include in your answer a
discussion of the forces that generate each wave type and the properties of each wave type such
as size, wavelength, and period.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.1 How Are Waves Generated and How Do They Move?
Essent’l Concept: 8.1 Demonstrate an understanding of how waves are generated and how they
move
6) Describe the relationship between the following: wave height, wavelength, wave speed, and
wave steepness.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.2 What Characteristics Do Waves Posses?
Essent’l Concept: 8.2 Describe the characteristics of waves
39
7) The R/V Spartina is cruising off the Georgia coast taking water and sediment samples when
she encounters a storm. The ship’s captain asks you to assist him by calculating the frequency of
the waves and the wavelength. The wave speed is measured at 4 meters per minute. The wave
period is determined to be 12 seconds. What is the wavelength and frequency of the storm swells
encountered by the R/V Spartina?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 8.2 What Characteristics Do Waves Posses?
Essent’l Concept: 8.2 Describe the characteristics of waves
Global Sci Out: 4
8) The R/V Sea Serpent is in the Gulf of Mexico sampling gag grouper populations when it
encountered the feeder bands from a tropical storm. Assuming that the R/V Sea Serpent is in
deep water, calculate the wave speed and the wavelength of the storm-generated waves. The
wave period (T) is 2.5 seconds.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 8.2 What Characteristics Do Waves Posses?
Essent’l Concept: 8.2 Describe the characteristics of waves
Global Sci Out: 4
9) Describe the three different types of breakers and indicate the shoreline slope that produces
each type. How is the energy of the wave distributed differently within the surf zone by the three
types of breakers?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 8.4 How Do Waves Change in the Surf Zone?
Essent’l Concept: 8.4 Explain how waves change in the surf zone
40