55) Which of the following best describes the Distillation Method for desalination?
A) A current is run through positive and negative electrodes in freshwater separated by
semipermeable membranes from seawater.
B) Large icebergs are brought to coastal waters off countries that need freshwater where they are
melted.
C) Saltwater is boiled and the water vapor is passed through a cooling condenser, where it
condenses as freshwater.
D) Seawater is frozen and thawed multiple times, with the salts washed from the ice between
each thawing.
E) Water on the salty side of a semipermeable membrane is pushed under high pressure through
the membrane to the freshwater side.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.8 What Methods Are Used to Desalinate Seawater?
Essent’l Concept: 5.8 Compare the methods used to desalinate seawater
56) Which of the following best describes the Electrolysis Method for desalination?
A) A current is run through positive and negative electrodes in freshwater separated by
semipermeable membranes from seawater.
B) Large icebergs are brought to coastal waters off countries that need freshwater where they are
melted.
C) Saltwater is boiled and the water vapor is passed through a cooling condenser, where it
condenses as freshwater.
D) Seawater is frozen and thawed multiple times, with the salts washed from the ice between
each thawing.
E) Water on the salty side of a semipermeable membrane is pushed under high pressure through
the membrane to the freshwater side.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.8 What Methods Are Used to Desalinate Seawater?
Essent’l Concept: 5.8 Compare the methods used to desalinate seawater
21
57) Which of the following best describes the Reverse Osmosis Method for desalination?
A) A current is run through positive and negative electrodes in freshwater separated by
semipermeable membranes from seawater.
B) Large icebergs are brought to coastal waters off countries that need freshwater where they are
melted.
C) Saltwater is boiled and the water vapor is passed through a cooling condenser, where it
condenses as freshwater.
D) Seawater is frozen and thawed multiple times, with the salts washed from the ice between
each thawing.
E) Water on the salty side of a semipermeable membrane is pushed under high pressure through
the membrane to the freshwater side.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.8 What Methods Are Used to Desalinate Seawater?
Essent’l Concept: 5.8 Compare the methods used to desalinate seawater
58) Which of the following best describes the Freeze Separation Method for desalination?
A) A current is run through positive and negative electrodes in freshwater separated by
semipermeable membranes from seawater.
B) Large icebergs are brought to coastal waters off countries that need freshwater where they are
melted.
C) Saltwater is boiled and the water vapor is passed through a cooling condenser, where it
condenses as freshwater.
D) Seawater is frozen and thawed multiple times, with the salts washed from the ice between
each thawing.
E) Water on the salty side of a semipermeable membrane is pushed under high pressure through
the membrane to the freshwater side.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.8 What Methods Are Used to Desalinate Seawater?
Essent’l Concept: 5.8 Compare the methods used to desalinate seawater
59) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Water is the ideal
medium to have within our bodies BECAUSE it facilitates chemical reactions.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Essent’l Concept: 5.1 Specify water’s unique chemical properties
22
60) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: A 1-unit change in pH
represents a 100-fold change in hydrogen ion concentration BECAUSE pH is not a linear scale.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.5 Is Seawater Acidic or Basic?
Essent’l Concept: 5.5 Discuss the acid/base properties of seawater
61) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The overall electrical
charge of most ions is balanced BECAUSE each ion contains an equal number of protons and
electrons.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Essent’l Concept: 5.1 Specify water’s unique chemical properties
62) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Water is able to dissolve
nearly everything BECAUSE water molecules interact with other water molecules and other
polar molecules.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Essent’l Concept: 5.1 Specify water’s unique chemical properties
23
63) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Oil does not dissolve in
water BECAUSE water molecules interact with other water molecules and other polar
molecules.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Essent’l Concept: 5.1 Specify water’s unique chemical properties
64) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Our planet’s extreme
climate is one of the main reasons life exists on Earth BECAUSE rapid environmental changes
can often result in the death of many life-forms.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.2 What Important Physical Properties Does Water Possess?
Essent’l Concept: 5.2 Discuss water’s important physical properties
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
Global Sci Out: 5
65) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Density decreases as
temperature increases BECAUSE the molecules lose energy and slow down with increasing
temperature.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.2 What Important Physical Properties Does Water Possess?
Essent’l Concept: 5.2 Discuss water’s important physical properties
24
66) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Most of the physical
properties of pure water and seawater are very similar BECAUSE seawater is 96.5% water.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.3 How Salty Is Seawater?
Essent’l Concept: 5.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the salinity of seawater and how salinity
is measured
67) Which of the following processes causes sea surface salinity to increase near the Tropics of
Cancer and Capricorn?
A) Condensation
B) Evaporation
C) Freezing
D) Melting
E) Polarization
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.6 How Does Seawater Salinity Vary at the Surface and with Depth?
Essent’l Concept: 5.6 Specify how seawater salinity varies at the surface and with depth
68) Which of the following properties of pure water is different depending on the amount of
water present?
A) Color
B) Density
C) Odor
D) pH
E) Taste
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.3 How Salty Is Seawater?
Essent’l Concept: 5.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the salinity of seawater and how salinity
is measured
Global Sci Out: 3
25
69) Which of the following is the second most abundant negatively charged component of
seawater?
A) Calcium
B) Chloride
C) Magnesium
D) Sodium
E) Sulfate
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.3 How Salty Is Seawater?
Essent’l Concept: 5.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the salinity of seawater and how salinity
is measured
Global Sci Out: 3
70) Which of the following is the most abundant negatively charged component of seawater?
A) Calcium
B) Chloride
C) Magnesium
D) Sodium
E) Sulfate
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.3 How Salty Is Seawater?
Essent’l Concept: 5.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the salinity of seawater and how salinity
is measured
Global Sci Out: 3
71) Which of the following is the second most abundant positively charged component of
seawater?
A) Calcium
B) Chloride
C) Magnesium
D) Sodium
E) Sulfate
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.3 How Salty Is Seawater?
Essent’l Concept: 5.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the salinity of seawater and how salinity
is measured
Global Sci Out: 3
26
72) Which of the following is the most abundant positively charged component of seawater?
A) Calcium
B) Chloride
C) Magnesium
D) Sodium
E) Sulfate
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.3 How Salty Is Seawater?
Essent’l Concept: 5.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the salinity of seawater and how salinity
is measured
Global Sci Out: 3
73) Human consumption of which of the following components of seawater helps prevent goiter?
A) Calcium
B) Iodine
C) Magnesium
D) Sodium
E) Sulfate
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.3 How Salty Is Seawater?
Essent’l Concept: 5.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the salinity of seawater and how salinity
is measured
Global Sci Out: 3
74) Which of the following hydrologic cycle reservoirs is the smallest?
A) Atmospheric water vapor
B) Groundwater and soil moisture
C) Ice caps, glaciers, and snow
D) Streams and lakes
E) World ocean
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.4 Why Does Seawater Salinity Vary?
Essent’l Concept: 5.4 Explain why seawater salinity varies
Global Sci Out: 3
27
75) On an annual basis which of the following fluxes between reservoirs of the hydrologic cycle
is the largest?
A) Atmosphere to continent
B) Atmosphere to ocean
C) Continent to atmosphere
D) Continent to ocean
E) Ocean to atmosphere
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.4 Why Does Seawater Salinity Vary?
Essent’l Concept: 5.4 Explain why seawater salinity varies
Global Sci Out: 3
76) On an annual basis which of the following fluxes between reservoirs of the hydrologic cycle
is the smallest?
A) Atmosphere to continent
B) Atmosphere to ocean
C) Continent to atmosphere
D) Continent to ocean
E) Ocean to atmosphere
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.4 Why Does Seawater Salinity Vary?
Essent’l Concept: 5.4 Explain why seawater salinity varies
Global Sci Out: 3
77) The low pH layer in the ocean is due to which of the following processes?
A) Buffering
B) Dissolution
C) Oxidation
D) Photosynthesis
E) Respiration
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.5 Is Seawater Acidic or Basic?
Essent’l Concept: 5.5 Discuss the acid/base properties of seawater
Global Sci Out: 3
28
78) Sea surface salinity is greatest at which of the following latitudes?
A) 5 degrees
B) 25 degrees
C) 45 degrees
D) 65 digress
E) 85 degrees
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.6 How Does Seawater Salinity Vary at the Surface and with Depth?
Essent’l Concept: 5.6 Specify how seawater salinity varies at the surface and with depth
Global Sci Out: 3
79) The density curve for high latitudes shows ________ density at the surface and ________
density at depth.
A) decreased, decreased
B) decreased, increased
C) increased, decreased
D) increased, increased
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.6 How Does Seawater Salinity Vary at the Surface and with Depth?
Essent’l Concept: 5.6 Specify how seawater salinity varies at the surface and with depth
Global Sci Out: 3
80) The salinity curve for low latitudes shows ________ salinity at the surface and ________
salinity at depth.
A) decreased, decreased
B) decreased, increased
C) increased, decreased
D) increased, increased
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.6 How Does Seawater Salinity Vary at the Surface and with Depth?
Essent’l Concept: 5.6 Specify how seawater salinity varies at the surface and with depth
Global Sci Out: 3
29
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
5.3 Essay Questions
1) Describe what condition exists in water molecules to make then dipolar.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Essent’l Concept: 5.1 Specify water’s unique chemical properties
2) List the major constituents dissolved in seawater in decreasing concentration.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.3 How Salty Is Seawater?
Essent’l Concept: 5.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the salinity of seawater and how salinity
is measured
3) What is the origin of the salt ions in seawater?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.4 Why Does Seawater Salinity Vary?
Essent’l Concept: 5.4 Explain why seawater salinity varies
4) Explain how the pH of seawater remains slightly alkaline AND relatively constant.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.5 Is Seawater Acidic or Basic?
Essent’l Concept: 5.5 Discuss the acid/base properties of seawater
30