Essentials of Oceanography, 12e (Trujillo)
Chapter 5 Water and Seawater
5.1 Matching Questions
Match the term with the appropriate phrase. Not all answers will be used.
A) atoms
B) hydrogen bonds
C) electrons
D) covalent bonds
E) ions
1) bonds that hold adjacent water molecules together
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Essent’l Concept: 5.1 Specify water’s unique chemical properties
Match the term with the appropriate phrase. Not all answers will be used.
A) halocline
B) pycnocline
C) evaporation
D) sublimation
E) condensation
6) change in state from solid to gas
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.2 What Important Physical Properties Does Water Possess?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.2 What Important Physical Properties Does Water Possess?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.2 What Important Physical Properties Does Water Possess?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.7 How Does Seawater Density Vary with Depth?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.7 How Does Seawater Density Vary with Depth?
Essent’l Concept: 5.7 Specify how seawater density varies with depth
Match the phrase with the appropriate term. Not all answers will be used.
A) does not change seawater salinity
B) decreases seawater salinity
C) increases seawater salinity
11) evaporation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.4 Why Does Seawater Salinity Vary?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.4 Why Does Seawater Salinity Vary?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.4 Why Does Seawater Salinity Vary?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.4 Why Does Seawater Salinity Vary?
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5.2 Multiple Choice Questions
1) The covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule form as a result
of the ________.
A) polarity of water molecules
B) sharing of electrons between the atoms
C) surface tension of water
D) transfer of electrons between the atoms
E) viscosity of water
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Essent’l Concept: 5.1 Specify water’s unique chemical properties
2) Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of ________.
A) electron sharing
B) electron transfer
C) the polarity of water molecules
D) surface tension
E) the viscosity of water
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Essent’l Concept: 5.1 Specify water’s unique chemical properties
3) Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water ________.
A) contains ionic bonds
B) exists in three states of matter on Earth’s surface
C) is a polar molecule
D) is a universal solvent
E) requires heat to condense
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Essent’l Concept: 5.1 Specify water’s unique chemical properties
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4) The surface tension of water ________.
A) increases as density decreases
B) is related to salinity
C) is relatively high
D) is relatively low
E) is very similar in other liquids
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Essent’l Concept: 5.1 Specify water’s unique chemical properties
5) Water can pile up a short distance above a container’s rim due to ________.
A) strong covalent bonds
B) high surface tension
C) high viscosity
D) low surface tension
E) low viscosity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.1 Why Does Water Have Such Unusual Chemical Properties?
Essent’l Concept: 5.1 Specify water’s unique chemical properties
6) The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one
degree Celsius is the definition of ________.
A) boiling point elevation
B) calorie
C) latent heat of condensation
D) latent heat of evaporation
E) thermal capacity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.2 What Important Physical Properties Does Water Possess?
Essent’l Concept: 5.2 Discuss water’s important physical properties
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7) The states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by ________.
A) density
B) salinity
C) chlorinity
D) temperature
E) pH
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.2 What Important Physical Properties Does Water Possess?
Essent’l Concept: 5.2 Discuss water’s important physical properties
8) Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a ________.
A) change in chemical composition
B) change in molecular weight
C) change in state
D) change in atomic mass
E) change in subatomic structure
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.2 What Important Physical Properties Does Water Possess?
Essent’l Concept: 5.2 Discuss water’s important physical properties
9) Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in
daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?
A) High heat capacity
B) High salinity
C) High viscosity
D) Low heat capacity
E) Low viscosity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.2 What Important Physical Properties Does Water Possess?
Essent’l Concept: 5.2 Discuss water’s important physical properties
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10) A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0°C. What happens to the
temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?
A) It immediately begins to rise slowly.
B) It remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise.
C) It rises rapidly as the ice melts.
D) It rises slowly until it reaches 32°C, and then it remains constant as the ice melts.
E) The temperature pattern cannot be predicted.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.2 What Important Physical Properties Does Water Possess?
Essent’l Concept: 5.2 Discuss water’s important physical properties
11) In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is ________.
A) a function of salinity
B) about the same as other liquids
C) higher than other liquids
D) lower than other liquids
E) related to solvent concentration
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.2 What Important Physical Properties Does Water Possess?
Essent’l Concept: 5.2 Discuss water’s important physical properties
12) The average salinity of typical seawater is ________.
A) 0.35%
B) 2.0%
C) 3.5%
D) 10%
E) 25%
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.3 How Salty Is Seawater?
Essent’l Concept: 5.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the salinity of seawater and how salinity
is measured
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13) The Principle of Constant Proportions states that ________.
A) ocean salinity varies as a function of season
B) ocean salinity varies with geographical location
C) the percentage of chloride varies with geographical location
D) the percentage of sodium varies with ocean depth
E) the relative concentrations of the major ions in seawater does not change
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.3 How Salty Is Seawater?
Essent’l Concept: 5.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the salinity of seawater and how salinity
is measured
14) Of all the following processes which one increases the salinity of water?
A) Precipitation
B) Runoff
C) Icebergs melting
D) Evaporation
E) Sea ice melting
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.4 Why Does Seawater Salinity Vary?
Essent’l Concept: 5.4 Explain why seawater salinity varies
15) The transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continents is known as the
________.
A) closed cycle
B) geologic cycle
C) hydrobiological cycle
D) hydrologic cycle
E) meteorological cycle
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.4 Why Does Seawater Salinity Vary?
Essent’l Concept: 5.4 Explain why seawater salinity varies
8
16) Which of the following processes increases seawater salinity?
A) Evaporation
B) Iceberg melting
C) Precipitation
D) River runoff
E) Sea ice melting
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 5.4 Why Does Seawater Salinity Vary?
Essent’l Concept: 5.4 Explain why seawater salinity varies
17) Which of the following statements regarding pH is true?
A) A pH of 10 is acidic, and a pH of 3 is alkaline.
B) As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic.
C) Buffers accelerate large changes in the pH of a solution.
D) pH will change in deeper water when organisms with calcite shells sink.
E) pH relates to relative acid-base ion balance in a solution.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.5 Is Seawater Acidic or Basic?
Essent’l Concept: 5.5 Discuss the acid/base properties of seawater
18) The ion in sea water that serves as a buffer is ________.
A) Ca+2
B) Cl−
C) CO2
D) Na+
E) HCO3−
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.5 Is Seawater Acidic or Basic?
Essent’l Concept: 5.5 Discuss the acid/base properties of seawater
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19) As the salinity of seawater increases, its ________.
A) density decreases
B) density increases
C) residence time increases
D) residence time decreases
E) residence time changes
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.6 How Does Seawater Salinity Vary at the Surface and with Depth?
Essent’l Concept: 5.6 Specify how seawater salinity varies at the surface and with depth
20) A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the ________.
A) barocline
B) halocline
C) isocline
D) pycnocline
E) thermocline
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.7 How Does Seawater Density Vary with Depth?
Essent’l Concept: 5.7 Specify how seawater density varies with depth
21) An area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is
the ________.
A) barocline
B) halocline
C) isocline
D) pycnocline
E) thermocline
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 5.7 How Does Seawater Density Vary with Depth?
Essent’l Concept: 5.7 Specify how seawater density varies with depth
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