Essentials of Oceanography, 12e (Trujillo)
Chapter 4 Marine Sediments
4.1 Matching Questions
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. Not all answers will be used.
A) lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
B) cosmogenous sediment
C) hydrogenous sediment
D) biogenous sediment
1) abyssal clay
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.1 How Are Marine Sediments Collected and What Historical Events Do They
Reveal?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.1 How Are Marine Sediments Collected and What Historical Events Do They
Reveal?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.1 How Are Marine Sediments Collected and What Historical Events Do They
Reveal?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.1 How Are Marine Sediments Collected and What Historical Events Do They
Reveal?
5) manganese nodules
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.1 How Are Marine Sediments Collected and What Historical Events Do They
Reveal?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.1 How Are Marine Sediments Collected and What Historical Events Do They
Reveal?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.1 How Are Marine Sediments Collected and What Historical Events Do They
Reveal?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.1 How Are Marine Sediments Collected and What Historical Events Do They
Reveal?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.1 How Are Marine Sediments Collected and What Historical Events Do They
Reveal?
10) tektites
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.1 How Are Marine Sediments Collected and What Historical Events Do They
Reveal?
Essent’l Concept: 4.1 Demonstrate an understanding of how marine sediments are collected and
what historical events they reveal
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. Not all answers will be used.
A) depth at which calcium carbonate begins to dissolve
B) associated with glacial deposits
C) associated with submarine canyons and deep-sea alluvial fans
D) depth at which ALL calcium carbonate is in solution (i.e. dissolved)
E) particle size classification
11) CCD
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.3 What Are the Characteristics of Biogenous Sediment?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.2 What Are the Characteristics of Lithogenous Sediment?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.3 What Are the Characteristics of Biogenous Sediment?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.2 What Are the Characteristics of Lithogenous Sediment?
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4.2 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called ________.
A) lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
B) biogenous sediment
C) hydrogenous sediment
D) cosmogenous sediment
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.2 What Are the Characteristics of Lithogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.2 Describe the characteristics of lithogenous sediment
OSLP: 2 The ocean and life in the ocean shape the features of Earth.
2) High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following?
A) Clay-sized particles
B) Cosmogenous sediments
C) Large particles such as gravel
D) Manganese nodules
E) Silt-sized particles
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.2 What Are the Characteristics of Lithogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.2 Describe the characteristics of lithogenous sediment
OSLP: 2 The ocean and life in the ocean shape the features of Earth.
3) Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by ________.
A) a glacier
B) a river delta
C) organisms
D) a volcanic eruption
E) the wind
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.2 What Are the Characteristics of Lithogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.2 Describe the characteristics of lithogenous sediment
OSLP: 2 The ocean and life in the ocean shape the features of Earth.
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4) Which of the following is a biogenous sediment?
A) Beach sand
B) Diatom ooze
C) Glacial deposits
D) Clays
E) Volcanic particles
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.3 What Are the Characteristics of Biogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.3 Describe the characteristics of biogenous sediment
OSLP: 2 The ocean and life in the ocean shape the features of Earth.
5) Sediments derived from preexisting rocks on land are called ________.
A) cosmogenous
B) biogenous
C) hydrogenous
D) lithogenous
E) volcanogenic
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.2 What Are the Characteristics of Lithogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.2 Describe the characteristics of lithogenous sediment
OSLP: 2 The ocean and life in the ocean shape the features of Earth.
6) Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called ________.
A) cosmogenous
B) biogenous
C) hydrogenous
D) terrigenous
E) volcanogenic
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.3 What Are the Characteristics of Biogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.3 Describe the characteristics of biogenous sediment
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
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7) Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)?
A) Diatoms
B) Foraminiferans
C) Glauconite
D) Phosphorites
E) Radiolarians
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.3 What Are the Characteristics of Biogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.3 Describe the characteristics of biogenous sediment
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
8) Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)?
A) Coccolithophores
B) Corals
C) Foraminiferans
D) Phosphorites
E) Radiolarians
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.3 What Are the Characteristics of Biogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.3 Describe the characteristics of biogenous sediment
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
9) Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics?
A) Low carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures
B) Lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperatures
C) Lots of carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures
D) Low pressure and warmer temperatures
E) Low pressure and colder temperatures
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 4.3 What Are the Characteristics of Biogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.3 Describe the characteristics of biogenous sediment
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
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10) Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called ________.
A) cosmogenous
B) biogenous
C) hydrogenous
D) lithogenous
E) volcanogenic
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.4 What Are the Characteristics of Hydrogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.4 Describe the characteristics of hydrogenous sediment
11) Which of the following is a biogenous sediment?
A) Evaporites
B) Halites
C) Manganese nodule
D) Phosphates
E) Stromatolites
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.3 What Are the Characteristics of Biogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.3 Describe the characteristics of biogenous sediment
12) Manganese nodules are an example of ________.
A) biogenous sediments
B) cosmogenous sediments
C) hydrogenous sediments
D) terrigenous sediments
E) volcagenic sediments
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.4 What Are the Characteristics of Hydrogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.4 Describe the characteristics of hydrogenous sediment
13) The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the ________.
A) abyssal plain far from a continent
B) continental rise
C) continental shelf
D) crest of a mid-ocean ridge
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.4 What Are the Characteristics of Hydrogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.4 Describe the characteristics of hydrogenous sediment
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14) Phosphate-rich nodules form in ________.
A) continental shelf waters
B) estuaries
C) hydrothermal vent areas
D) regions of upwelling
E) mid-ocean ridges
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.4 What Are the Characteristics of Hydrogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.4 Describe the characteristics of hydrogenous sediment
15) Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called ________.
A) cosmogenous
B) biogenous
C) hydrogenous
D) lithogenous
E) volcanogenic
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.5 What Are the Characteristics of Cosmogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.5 Describe the characteristics of cosmogenous sediment
16) Cosmogenous sediment consists of two main types of sediment ________.
A) microscopic spherules and macroscopic meteor debris
B) microscopic spherules and abyssal clays
C) biogenous oozes and macroscopic meteor debris
D) abyssal clays and evaporites
E) biogenous oozes and evaporites
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.5 What Are the Characteristics of Cosmogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.5 Describe the characteristics of cosmogenous sediment
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17) The particles found in some sediment that suggests that an extraterrestrial impact event are
________.
A) tektites
B) oozes
C) clays
D) silt
E) evaporites
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.5 What Are the Characteristics of Cosmogenous Sediment?
Essent’l Concept: 4.5 Describe the characteristics of cosmogenous sediment
18) Sediments found on continental margins are called ________.
A) continental
B) estuarine
C) neritic
D) oceanic
E) pelagic
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 4.6 How Are Pelagic and Neritic Deposits Distributed?
Essent’l Concept: 4.6 Specify how the distribution of pelagic and neritic deposits is determined
by proximity to sediment sources and mechanisms of transport
OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
19) In general, polar neritic sediment tends to have more ________.
A) clay than in temperate waters
B) coral debris than in tropical waters
C) gravel than in tropical waters
D) shell fragments than in temperate waters
E) silt and sand than in tropical waters
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 4.6 How Are Pelagic and Neritic Deposits Distributed?
Essent’l Concept: 4.6 Specify how the distribution of pelagic and neritic deposits is determined
by proximity to sediment sources and mechanisms of transport
OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
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