78) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Volcanic eruptions are
responsible for the recent observable climate changes BECAUSE eruptions release into the
atmosphere at least 130 times more heat-trapping carbon dioxide than humans do.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
79) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The movement of Earth’s
tectonic plates is not responsible for the recent observable climate changes BECAUSE climate
changes triggered by shifting plates are extremely gradual and happen on a scale of millions of
years.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
31
80) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The movement of Earth’s
tectonic plates is not responsible for the recent observable climate changes BECAUSE Earth’s
tectonic plates have moved great distances.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
81) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The movement of Earth’s
tectonic plates is not responsible for the recent observable climate changes BECAUSE Earth’s
tectonic plates have not moved great distances.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
32
82) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The movement of Earth’s
tectonic plates is responsible for the recent observable climate changes BECAUSE during the
geologic past, plate movements have accounted for many dramatic climate changes.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
83) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The movement of Earth’s
tectonic plates is responsible for the recent observable climate changes BECAUSE Earth’s
tectonic plates have not moved great distances.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
33
84) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The vast majority of
carbon dioxide in the ocean-atmosphere system is found in the ocean BECAUSE carbon dioxide
is approximately 30 times more soluble in water than are other common gases.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.5 What Should Be Done to Reduce Greenhouse Gases?
Essent’l Concept: 16.5 Evaluate options for what should be done to reduce greenhouse gases
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
85) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The vast majority of
carbon dioxide in the ocean-atmosphere system is found in the ocean BECAUSE methane is
approximately 25 times more effective as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.5 What Should Be Done to Reduce Greenhouse Gases?
Essent’l Concept: 16.5 Evaluate options for what should be done to reduce greenhouse gases
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
86) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The vast majority of
carbon dioxide in the ocean-atmosphere system is found in the ocean BECAUSE carbon dioxide
is approximately 30 times less soluble in water than are other common gases.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.5 What Should Be Done to Reduce Greenhouse Gases?
Essent’l Concept: 16.5 Evaluate options for what should be done to reduce greenhouse gases
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
34
87) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The vast majority of
carbon dioxide in the ocean-atmosphere system is found in the atmosphere BECAUSE carbon
dioxide is approximately 30 times more soluble in water than are other common gases.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.5 What Should Be Done to Reduce Greenhouse Gases?
Essent’l Concept: 16.5 Evaluate options for what should be done to reduce greenhouse gases
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
88) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The vast majority of
carbon dioxide in the ocean-atmosphere system is found in the atmosphere BECAUSE carbon
dioxide is approximately 30 times less soluble in water than are other common gases.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.5 What Should Be Done to Reduce Greenhouse Gases?
Essent’l Concept: 16.5 Evaluate options for what should be done to reduce greenhouse gases
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
89) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The net result of an
increase in atmospheric moisture should be a decrease in air temperature BECAUSE the higher
reflectivity of clouds dominates over the heat absorption of water vapor in the atmosphere.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.1 What Comprises Earth’s Climate System?
Essent’l Concept: 16.1 Specify the components of Earth’s climate system
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
35
90) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The net result of an
increase in atmospheric moisture should be a decrease in air temperature BECAUSE climate
changes can be very disruptive to humans and other life-forms.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.1 What Comprises Earth’s Climate System?
Essent’l Concept: 16.1 Specify the components of Earth’s climate system
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
91) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The net result of an
increase in atmospheric moisture should be a decrease in air temperature BECAUSE the heat
absorption of water vapor in the atmosphere dominates over the higher reflectivity of clouds.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.1 What Comprises Earth’s Climate System?
Essent’l Concept: 16.1 Specify the components of Earth’s climate system
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
92) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The net result of an
increase in atmospheric moisture should be an increase in air temperature BECAUSE the higher
reflectivity of clouds dominates over the heat absorption of water vapor in the atmosphere.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.1 What Comprises Earth’s Climate System?
Essent’l Concept: 16.1 Specify the components of Earth’s climate system
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
36
93) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The net result of an
increase in atmospheric moisture should be an increase in air temperature BECAUSE the heat
absorption of water vapor in the atmosphere dominates over the higher reflectivity of clouds.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.1 What Comprises Earth’s Climate System?
Essent’l Concept: 16.1 Specify the components of Earth’s climate system
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
94) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The melting of Arctic sea
ice by rising temperatures is an example of a positive-feedback loop BECAUSE the lack of ice
cover will result in the Arctic Ocean absorbing more of the Sun’s radiation.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.1 What Comprises Earth’s Climate System?
Essent’l Concept: 16.1 Specify the components of Earth’s climate system
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
95) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The melting of Arctic sea
ice by rising temperatures is an example of a positive-feedback loop BECAUSE particulate air
pollution has a shading effect.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.1 What Comprises Earth’s Climate System?
Essent’l Concept: 16.1 Specify the components of Earth’s climate system
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
37
96) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The melting of Arctic sea
ice by rising temperatures is an example of a positive-feedback loop BECAUSE the lack of ice
cover will result in the Arctic Ocean reflecting more of the Sun’s radiation.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.1 What Comprises Earth’s Climate System?
Essent’l Concept: 16.1 Specify the components of Earth’s climate system
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
97) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The melting of Arctic sea
ice by rising temperatures is an example of a negative-feedback loop BECAUSE the lack of ice
cover will result in the Arctic Ocean absorbing more of the Sun’s radiation.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect. but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.1 What Comprises Earth’s Climate System?
Essent’l Concept: 16.1 Specify the components of Earth’s climate system
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
98) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The melting of Arctic sea
ice by rising temperatures is an example of a negative-feedback loop BECAUSE the lack of ice
cover will result in the Arctic Ocean reflecting more of the Sun’s radiation.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.1 What Comprises Earth’s Climate System?
Essent’l Concept: 16.1 Specify the components of Earth’s climate system
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
38
99) Which of the following is the cause of the presumed pause in the rise of Earth’s average
global surface temperature in the past few decades?
A) A global warming hiatus
B) Decrease in solar output
C) Measurement bias from the greater use of buoys
D) Moderate surface cooling of the Indian Ocean
E) Variability in sunspot cycles
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
100) A person who refuses to listen to our experts and to accept the overwhelming evidence
regarding human-caused climate change is a climate ________.
A) believer
B) denier
C) gullible
D) hiatus
E) skeptic
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect?
Essent’l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere’s greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
101) The current level of atmospheric ________ recently surpassed 400 parts per million.
A) carbon dioxide
B) chlorofluorocarbons
C) methane
D) nitrous oxide
E) water vapor
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect?
Essent’l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere’s greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
39
102) Based on a comparison of satellite images from 1984 to 2011, which of the following trees
has migrated by about 12 square kilometers north, along Florida’s Atlantic coast?
A) Buttonwood
B) Mangrove
C) Oak
D) Pine
E) Spruce
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.4 What Changes Are Occurring in the Oceans as a Result of Global Warming?
Essent’l Concept: 16.4 Specify the changes that are occurring in the oceans as a result of global
warming
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
103) In 2015 President Obama’s White House set a formal goal of reducing US greenhouse gas
emissions by 26-28% below 2005 levels by ________.
A) 2020
B) 2025
C) 2030
D) 2035
E) 2040
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.5 What Should Be Done to Reduce Greenhouse Gases?
Essent’l Concept: 16.5 Evaluate options for what should be done to reduce greenhouse gases
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
40