52) Which of the following human-generated gases makes the greatest relative contribution to
increasing the greenhouse effect?
A) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
C) Methane (CH4)
D) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
E) Water vapor
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect?
Essent’l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere’s greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
53) Which of the following greenhouse gases is produced by leakage from landfills, by domestic
cattle, and by the cultivation of rice?
A) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
C) Methane (CH4)
D) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
E) Water vapor
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect?
Essent’l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere’s greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
54) Which of the following greenhouse gases is also destroying the ozone layer?
A) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
C) Methane (CH4)
D) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
E) Water vapor
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect?
Essent’l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere’s greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
21
55) Which of the following human-generated gases absorbs the least infrared radiation per
molecule?
A) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
C) Methane (CH4)
D) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
E) Water vapor
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect?
Essent’l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere’s greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
56) Which of the following statements about Earth of 56 million years ago is correct?
A) Climate change was triggered by a huge release of volcanic ash.
B) It was marked by the extinction of many marine species.
C) Ocean surface waters were enriched in dissolved oxygen.
D) The climate was much colder than it is today.
E) There was a decrease in ocean temperatures.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect?
Essent’l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere’s greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
57) How much are global surface temperature expected to increase by the year 2100 if humans
follow a “business-as-usual” scenario?
A) 2°C
B) 2.5°C
C) 3°C
D) 3.5°C
E) 4°C
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect?
Essent’l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere’s greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
22
58) How much are global surface temperature expected to increase by the year 2100 if humans
replace much of today’s fossil fuel combustion by new and more efficient technologies?
A) 2°C
B) 2.5°C
C) 3°C
D) 3.5°C
E) 4°C
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect?
Essent’l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere’s greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
59) How much are global surface temperature expected to increase by the year 2100 if countries
come together to use both technology and general environmental controls to decrease emissions?
A) 1°C
B) 1.5°C
C) 2°C
D) 2.5°C
E) 3°C
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect?
Essent’l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere’s greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
60) Sophisticated climate models forecast a strong warming of ________.
A) high northern latitudes
B) low northern latitudes
C) low southern latitudes
D) middle latitudes
E) tropical latitudes
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect?
Essent’l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere’s greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
23
61) Sophisticated climate models forecast a moderate warming of ________.
A) high northern latitudes
B) low northern latitudes
C) low southern latitudes
D) middle latitudes
E) tropical latitudes
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect?
Essent’l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere’s greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
62) Sophisticated climate models forecast relatively little warming of ________.
A) high northern latitudes
B) high southern latitudes
C) low latitudes
D) middle northern latitudes
E) middle southern latitudes
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect?
Essent’l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere’s greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
63) Which of the following statements about increasing ocean temperatures as a result of global
warming is correct?
A) Deep ocean waters are not yet showing signs of increased temperature.
B) Deeper ocean waters are warming faster than expected.
C) Ocean warming has not been documented below a depth of 0.5 kilometers.
D) The warming of surface waters is uniform throughout the ocean.
E) There has been an overall decrease in ocean surface temperature.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.4 What Changes Are Occurring in the Oceans as a Result of Global Warming?
Essent’l Concept: 16.4 Specify the changes that are occurring in the oceans as a result of global
warming
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
24
64) Circulation in which of the following oceans is particularly sensitive to changes in its deep-
water circulation pattern that dramatically and abruptly affect climate?
A) The North Atlantic Ocean
B) The North Pacific Ocean
C) The South Atlantic Ocean
D) The South Pacific Ocean
E) The Southern Ocean
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.4 What Changes Are Occurring in the Oceans as a Result of Global Warming?
Essent’l Concept: 16.4 Specify the changes that are occurring in the oceans as a result of global
warming
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
65) Which of the following drives deep-water circulation?
A) The sinking of cold, high-salinity, surface waters at high latitudes
B) The sinking of cold, high-salinity, surface waters at low latitudes
C) The sinking of warm, high-salinity, surface waters at high latitudes
D) The sinking of warm, high-salinity, surface waters at low latitudes
E) The sinking of warm, low-salinity, surface waters at low latitudes
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.4 What Changes Are Occurring in the Oceans as a Result of Global Warming?
Essent’l Concept: 16.4 Specify the changes that are occurring in the oceans as a result of global
warming
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
66) Increased ocean acidity due to the burning of fossil fuels doesn’t harm which of the following
organisms?
A) Corals
B) Diatoms
C) Foraminifers
D) Pteropods
E) Sea urchins
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.4 What Changes Are Occurring in the Oceans as a Result of Global Warming?
Essent’l Concept: 16.4 Specify the changes that are occurring in the oceans as a result of global
warming
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
25
67) Currently, a little less than ________ of the carbon dioxide humankind releases into the
atmosphere stays there.
A) one-fourths
B) one-third
C) half
D) two-thirds
E) three-fourths
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.4 What Changes Are Occurring in the Oceans as a Result of Global Warming?
Essent’l Concept: 16.4 Specify the changes that are occurring in the oceans as a result of global
warming
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
68) Currently, about ________ of the carbon dioxide humankind releases into the atmosphere
enters the oceans.
A) one-fourths
B) one-third
C) half
D) two-thirds
E) three-fourths
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.4 What Changes Are Occurring in the Oceans as a Result of Global Warming?
Essent’l Concept: 16.4 Specify the changes that are occurring in the oceans as a result of global
warming
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
69) Some scientists suggest we can increase the amount of carbon dioxide removed from the
atmosphere by adding ________ to stimulate productivity in tropical oceans.
A) calcium
B) carbon
C) iron
D) magnesium
E) manganese
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.4 What Changes Are Occurring in the Oceans as a Result of Global Warming?
Essent’l Concept: 16.4 Specify the changes that are occurring in the oceans as a result of global
warming
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
26
70) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: An increase in solar
output explains all of the recent global warming BECAUSE satellites measurement show that the
Sun’s luminosity has increased enough to account for the global warming recorded during the
same period.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
71) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: An increase in solar
output explains all of the recent global warming BECAUSE proxy data of solar brightness over
the past 1000 years shows a correlation with changes in climate.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
27
72) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: An increase in solar
output explains all of the recent global warming BECAUSE sunspot activity shows a strong
correlation between solar activity and average Earth temperate since 1880.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
73) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The dramatic and rapid
climate change that is occurring on our planet cannot be explained by variations in the
eccentricity of Earth’s orbit BECAUSE this variation has a cycle of about 100,000 years.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
28
74) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The dramatic and rapid
climate change that is occurring on our planet cannot be explained by variations in the obliquity
of Earth’s rotational axis BECAUSE this variation has a cycle of about 41,000 years.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
75) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The dramatic and rapid
climate change that is occurring on our planet cannot be explained by variations in the precession
of Earth’s rotational axis BECAUSE this variation has a cycle of about 23,000 years.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
29
76) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Volcanic eruptions are
responsible for the recent observable climate changes BECAUSE large and long lasting volcanic
eruptions may have been influential in contributing to Earth’s climate shifts in the distant past.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
77) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Volcanic eruptions are
responsible for the recent observable climate changes BECAUSE a period of prolonged closely
spaced explosive volcanism has occurred in historic times.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth’s Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent’l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth’s recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
30