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Essentials of Oceanography, 12e (Trujillo)
Chapter 16 The Oceans and Climate Change
16.1 Matching Questions
Match the term or phrase with the best descriptor. Not all answers will be used.
A) volcanic eruptions
B) refrigerants
C) variations in Earth's orbit
D) changes in solar energy
1) Milankovitch cycle
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.2 Earth's Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.2 Earth's Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.2 Earth's Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect?
Essent'l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere's greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
Match the term or phrase with the best descriptor. Not all answers will be used.
A) study of ancient climates
B) oil and natural gas
C) process that influences the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere
D) model of heat exchange for Earth and atmosphere
E) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
F) voluntary international accord to limit greenhouse gas emissions
5) fossil fuels
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.2 Earth's Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
9) Kyoto Protocol
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.5 What Should Be Done to Reduce Greenhouse Gases?
16.2 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following is not part of Earth's climate system?
A) Exosphere
B) Atmosphere
C) Hydrosphere
D) Biosphere
E) Geosphere
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.1 What Comprises Earth's Climate System?
Essent'l Concept: 16.1 Specify the components of Earth's climate system
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
2) An increase in cloud cover due to higher moisture content in the atmosphere is an example of
a ________.
A) positive-feedback loop
B) negative-feedback loop
C) neutral feedback loop
D) reversible feedback loop
E) irreversible feedback loop
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.1 What Comprises Earth's Climate System?
Essent'l Concept: 16.1 Specify the components of Earth's climate system
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
3
3) An increase in cloud cover and a corresponding decrease in absorption of solar radiation is an
example of a ________.
A) positive-feedback loop
B) negative-feedback loop
C) neutral feedback loop
D) reversible feedback loop
E) irreversible feedback loop
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.1 What Comprises Earth's Climate System?
Essent'l Concept: 16.1 Specify the components of Earth's climate system
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.
4) Which of the following is not a natural cause for global climate change?
A) Changes in solar input
B) Increase in elevation
C) Tectonic plate movement
D) Variation in the Earth's orbit
E) Volcanic activity
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.2 Earth's Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent'l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth's recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
OSLP: 3 The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.; 6 The ocean and humans are
inextricably interconnected.
5) Variations in Earth's orbit that influence long-term climate changes include ________.
A) the shape of Earth's orbit (eccentricity)
B) the tilt of Earth's axis of rotation (obliquity)
C) the wobbling of Earth's axis of rotation (precession)
D) eccentricity, obliquity and precession
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.2 Earth's Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent'l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth's recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
4
6) Approximately what percentage of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the oceans and
continents?
A) carbon dioxide
B) methane
C) nitrous oxide
D) ozone
E) water vapor
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect?
Essent'l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere's greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
7) The atmospheric component that naturally contributes to the majority of greenhouse warming
on Earth is ________.
A) carbon dioxide
B) methane
C) nitrous oxide
D) ozone
E) water vapor
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect?
Essent'l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere's greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
8) The gas(es) that has/have the greatest relative contribution to increasing the greenhouse effect
is/are ________.
A) carbon dioxide (CO2)
B) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
C) methane (CH4)
D) nitrous oxide (N2O)
E) ozone (O3)
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect?
Essent'l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere's greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
5
9) Which of the following atmospheric constituents has the greatest ability to absorb heat on a
per-mole basis?
A) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
B) Methane (CH4)
C) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
D) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
E) Ozone (O3)
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect?
Essent'l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere's greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
10) Which of the following atmospheric constituents has the least ability to absorb heat on a per-
mole basis?
A) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
B) Methane (CH4)
C) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
D) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
E) Ozone (O3)
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect?
Essent'l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere's greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
11) Since 1750, the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere has increased more than
________.
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%
E) 50%
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect?
Essent'l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere's greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
6
12) Burning of fossil fuels is chemically similar to ________.
A) autotrophic processes
B) chemosynthesis
C) metabolism
D) photosynthesis
E) respiration
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect?
Essent'l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere's greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
13) Domestic cattle production and rice agriculture release relatively large amounts of which gas
into the atmosphere?
A) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
C) Methane (CH4)
D) Ozone (O3)
E) Water vapor (H2O)
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect?
Essent'l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere's greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
14) Which of the following is not a predicted consequence of global warming?
A) Droughts in prime agricultural areas
B) Increasing hurricane intensity
C) Melting of glacial ice
D) Shifts in the worldwide distribution of plant and animal communities
E) Droughts, hurricanes, melting of glacier ice and shifts of plants and animal communities are
predicted consequences of global warming.
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect?
Essent'l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere's greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
7
15) Over the past 30 years, Earth's average surface temperature has risen by ________.
A) 0.1°C
B) 0.6°C
C) 2.0°C
D) 2.6°C
E) 4.0°C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.3 What Causes the Atmosphere's Greenhouse Effect?
Essent'l Concept: 16.3 Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere's greenhouse effect
works
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
16) Which of the following is not an effect of climate change in the oceans?
A) Decreasing ocean acidity
B) Increasing ocean temperatures
C) Increasing hurricane intensity
D) Changes in deep-water circulation
E) Melting of polar ice
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.4 What Changes Are Occurring in the Oceans as a Result of Global Warming?
Essent'l Concept: 16.4 Specify the changes that are occurring in the oceans as a result of global
warming
17) Which of the following organism is not likely to be directly affected by ocean acidification?
A) Geological uplifting of ocean basins
B) Melting of Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets
C) Melting of land-based glaciers and mountain ice caps
D) Thermal expansion of deep-ocean waters
E) Thermal expansion of surface ocean waters
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.4 What Changes Are Occurring in the Oceans as a Result of Global Warming?
Essent'l Concept: 16.4 Specify the changes that are occurring in the oceans as a result of global
warming
8
18) Recent worldwide sea level rise cannot be attributed to which of the following?
A) Geological uplifting of ocean basins
B) Melting of Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets
C) Melting of land-based glaciers and mountain ice caps
D) Thermal expansion of deep-ocean waters
E) Thermal expansion of surface ocean waters
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.4 What Changes Are Occurring in the Oceans as a Result of Global Warming?
Essent'l Concept: 16.4 Specify the changes that are occurring in the oceans as a result of global
warming
19) Satellite data show that the rate of global sea level rise since 1993 is on average about
________.
A) 0.5 inches/year
B) 0.3 feet/year
C) 3 millimeters/year
D) 0.3 meters/year
E) 0.006 kilometers/year
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.4 What Changes Are Occurring in the Oceans as a Result of Global Warming?
Essent'l Concept: 16.4 Specify the changes that are occurring in the oceans as a result of global
warming
20) A reduction in the strength of the Gulf Stream and a decrease in North Atlantic Deep-Water
formation would most likely result in ________.
A) absorbing surplus heat energy
B) increasing oceanic primary productivity
C) moving carbon dioxide and nutrients from the deep ocean to the surface ocean
D) removing carbon dioxide and sequestering carbon dioxide above the thermocline
E) trapping carbon dioxide in sea ice
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.5 What Should Be Done to Reduce Greenhouse Gases?
Essent'l Concept: 16.5 Evaluate options for what should be done to reduce greenhouse gases
9
21) The world's oceans play a role in reducing global warming by ________.
A) absorbing surplus heat energy
B) increasing oceanic primary productivity
C) moving carbon dioxide and nutrients from the deep ocean to the surface ocean
D) removing carbon dioxide and sequestering carbon dioxide above the thermocline
E) trapping carbon dioxide in sea ice
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.5 What Should Be Done to Reduce Greenhouse Gases?
Essent'l Concept: 16.5 Evaluate options for what should be done to reduce greenhouse gases
22) An international agreement to voluntarily limit greenhouse gas emissions is called the
________.
A) Coriolis protocol
B) IPCC
C) Keating conference
D) Kyoto protocol
E) United Nations Environmental Programme
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 16.5 What Should Be Done to Reduce Greenhouse Gases?
Essent'l Concept: 16.5 Evaluate options for what should be done to reduce greenhouse gases
23) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of
words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A) Atmosphere
B) Biosphere
C) Cryosphere
D) Geosphere
E) Lithosphere
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 16.2 Earth's Recent Climate Change: Is It Natural or Caused by Human Influence?
Essent'l Concept: 16.2 Examine the evidence that shows how Earth's recent climate change is
caused by human activities, not a natural cycle
10
