Essentials of Oceanography, 12e (Trujillo)
Chapter 12 Marine Life and the Marine Environment
12.1 Matching Questions
Match the description of the marine organism’s lifestyle with the correct term. Not all answers
will be used.
A) nekton
B) holoplankton
C) infauna
D) meroplankton
E) epifauna
1) can never swim against a current
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.2 How Are Marine Organisms Classified?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.2 How Are Marine Organisms Classified?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.2 How Are Marine Organisms Classified?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.2 How Are Marine Organisms Classified?
5) swims for its entire life
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.2 How Are Marine Organisms Classified?
Essent’l Concept: 12.2 Demonstrate an understanding of how marine organisms are classified
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
Global Sci Out: 7
Match the marine zone with its correct location. Not all answers will be used.
A) benthic
B) pelagic, neritic
C) pelagic
6) abyssal
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.5 What Are the Main Divisions of the Marine Environment?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.5 What Are the Main Divisions of the Marine Environment?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.5 What Are the Main Divisions of the Marine Environment?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.5 What Are the Main Divisions of the Marine Environment?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.5 What Are the Main Divisions of the Marine Environment?
11) littoral
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.5 What Are the Main Divisions of the Marine Environment?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.5 What Are the Main Divisions of the Marine Environment?
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12.2 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that range in complexity from simple sponges to complex
vertebrates belong to the kingdom ________.
A) Animalia
B) Fungi
C) Archaebacteria
D) Plantae
E) Protista
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 12.1 What Are Living Things, and How Are They Classified?
Essent’l Concept: 12.1 Discuss the characteristics of life and how living things are classified
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
Global Sci Out: 7
2) Which of the following associations is correct?
A) Kingdom Animalia—sponges
B) Kingdom Fungi—phytoplankton
C) Kingdom Eubacteria—bacteria in hydrothermal vents
D) Kingdom Plantae—blue-green algae
E) Kingdom Protista—mushrooms
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 12.1 What Are Living Things, and How Are They Classified?
Essent’l Concept: 12.1 Discuss the characteristics of life and how living things are classified
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
Global Sci Out: 7
3) Which of the following word pairs correctly link a descriptor with the way in which the
organism lives in the ocean?
A) benthos—drift
B) benthos—swim
C) nekton—bottom-dwelling
D) nekton—swim
E) plankton—bottom-dwelling
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 12.2 How Are Marine Organisms Classified?
Essent’l Concept: 12.2 Demonstrate an understanding of how marine organisms are classified
Global Sci Out: 7
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4) Planktonic organisms that spend part of their life in planktonic form and the rest of their life as
either benthos or nekton are called ________.
A) bacterioplankton
B) holoplankton
C) macroplankton
D) meroplankton
E) zooplankton
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.2 How Are Marine Organisms Classified?
Essent’l Concept: 12.2 Demonstrate an understanding of how marine organisms are classified
Global Sci Out: 7
5) Nekton are restricted to particular ocean areas by ________.
A) availability of food
B) differences in water pressure with depth
C) changes in salinity
D) temperature variations with latitude and depth
E) All of the above conditions may restrict the distribution of nekton.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.2 How Are Marine Organisms Classified?
Essent’l Concept: 12.2 Demonstrate an understanding of how marine organisms are classified
Global Sci Out: 7
6) An example of an organism that might be part of the infauna is a ________.
A) bull kelp
B) crinoid
C) lug worm
D) shark
E) tuna
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.2 How Are Marine Organisms Classified?
Essent’l Concept: 12.2 Demonstrate an understanding of how marine organisms are classified
Global Sci Out: 7
6
7) Most marine species are found in the ________.
A) bathypelagic environment
B) benthic environment
C) mesopelagic environment
D) oceanic environment
E) pelagic environment
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.3 How Many Marine Species Exist?
Essent’l Concept: 12.3 Specify the number of marine species that exist
Global Sci Out: 7
8) A small size is advantageous for marine organisms because it ________.
A) increases the ability to absorb nutrients
B) increases the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism
C) increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to sinking
D) increases thethe ability to absorb nutrients,the ability of wastes to diffuse out of the organism,
and also increases the surface area to volume ratio that in turn reduces frictional resistance to
sinking
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.4 How Are Marine Organisms Adapted to the Physical Conditions of the Ocean?
Essent’l Concept: 12.4 Explain how marine organisms are adapted for the physical conditions of
the ocean
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
Global Sci Out: 7
9) Planktonic organisms often have needle-like structures that ________.
A) are used as a defense mechanism
B) are used as paddles to catch ocean currents
C) increase density
D) prevent sinking
E) serve as a “skeleton” to support the diatom
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.4 How Are Marine Organisms Adapted to the Physical Conditions of the Ocean?
Essent’l Concept: 12.4 Explain how marine organisms are adapted for the physical conditions of
the ocean
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
Global Sci Out: 7
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10) When compared to their warmer water counterparts, cold-water plankton often ________.
A) are larger in size
B) are smaller in size
C) exhibit countershading
D) have more spines and ornamentation on the cell wall
E) reproduce asexually only
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.4 How Are Marine Organisms Adapted to the Physical Conditions of the Ocean?
Essent’l Concept: 12.4 Explain how marine organisms are adapted for the physical conditions of
the ocean
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
Global Sci Out: 7
11) High-latitude ocean water tends to support large planktonic communities because ________.
A) there are fewer predators that feed on plankton
B) of the longer summer day length
C) of higher dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations
D) there is abundant light
E) of higher dissolved carbon dioxide
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.4 How Are Marine Organisms Adapted to the Physical Conditions of the Ocean?
Essent’l Concept: 12.4 Explain how marine organisms are adapted for the physical conditions of
the ocean
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
Global Sci Out: 7
12) A common body shape that streamlines an organism in the marine environment is a flattened
body that ________.
A) has a wide, blunt front end
B) tapers at the front end
C) tapers at the top surface
D) tapers at the back end
E) tapers at the bottom surface
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.4 How Are Marine Organisms Adapted to the Physical Conditions of the Ocean?
Essent’l Concept: 12.4 Explain how marine organisms are adapted for the physical conditions of
the ocean
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
Global Sci Out: 7
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13) Organisms that cannot withstand large changes in temperature are referred to as ________.
A) eurythermal
B) euryhaline
C) estuarine
D) isothermal
E) stenothermal
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.4 How Are Marine Organisms Adapted to the Physical Conditions of the Ocean?
Essent’l Concept: 12.4 Explain how marine organisms are adapted for the physical conditions of
the ocean
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
Global Sci Out: 7
14) An organism that tolerates a wide range of salinities is referred to as ________.
A) euryhaline
B) hypertonic
C) hypotonic
D) isotonic
E) stenohaline
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.4 How Are Marine Organisms Adapted to the Physical Conditions of the Ocean?
Essent’l Concept: 12.4 Explain how marine organisms are adapted for the physical conditions of
the ocean
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
Global Sci Out: 7
15) The movement of a substance in solution from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane in a living organism is called
________.
A) active transport
B) Brownian movement
C) diffusion
D) osmosis
E) passive transport
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.4 How Are Marine Organisms Adapted to the Physical Conditions of the Ocean?
Essent’l Concept: 12.4 Explain how marine organisms are adapted for the physical conditions of
the ocean
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
Global Sci Out: 7
9
16) Osmotic pressure increases as the ________.
A) difference in salinity decreases
B) difference in salinity increases
C) difference in temperature increases
D) salinity increases
E) temperature increases
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.4 How Are Marine Organisms Adapted to the Physical Conditions of the Ocean?
Essent’l Concept: 12.4 Explain how marine organisms are adapted for the physical conditions of
the ocean
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
Global Sci Out: 7
17) The majority of marine invertebrates are ________.
A) adapted to life in the pelagic zone
B) estuarine
C) found only in benthic environments
D) hypertonic with respect to their environment
E) isotonic with respect to their environment
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 12.4 How Are Marine Organisms Adapted to the Physical Conditions of the Ocean?
Essent’l Concept: 12.4 Explain how marine organisms are adapted for the physical conditions of
the ocean
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
Global Sci Out: 7
18) Compared to freshwater fishes, marine fishes ________.
A) drink seawater and produce a large volume of urine
B) do not drink seawater in an effort to conserve as much water as possible
C) produce a large volume of dilute urine in an effort to rid their bodies of excess water
D) tend to gain water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is higher than that of
seawater
E) tend to lose water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is lower than that of
seawater
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 12.4 How Are Marine Organisms Adapted to the Physical Conditions of the Ocean?
Essent’l Concept: 12.4 Explain how marine organisms are adapted for the physical conditions of
the ocean
OSLP: 5 The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.
Global Sci Out: 7
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