22) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The most worrisome toxic
compounds in crude oil are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as napthalenes, benzene,
toluene, and xylenes BECAUSE they can sicken humans, animals, and plants even in small doses
and can ultimately affect an organism’s genetic materials.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
23) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Some chemicals have been
classified as persistent organic pollutants BECAUSE of their toxicity, persistence, and propensity
for accumulating in food chains.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.3 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non-Petroleum Chemical
Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.3 Specify the marine environmental problems associated with non-petroleum
chemical pollution
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
11
24) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: U.S. companies no longer
produce DDT BECAUSE, the EPA has banned the use of DDT in the United States since 1972.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.3 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non-Petroleum Chemical
Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.3 Specify the marine environmental problems associated with non-petroleum
chemical pollution
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
25) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: It is easy to pinpoint where
nonpoint source pollution originates BECAUSE it comes from many different locations.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.4 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non- point source
Pollution, Including Trash?
Essent’l Concept: 11.4 Specify the marine environmental problems associated with non-point
source pollution, including trash
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
12
26) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The BP Deepwater Horizon
oil spill was not an environmental disaster BECAUSE as much as one-and-a-half times the amount
of the spill is regularly discharged each year into U.S. waters as nonpoint source pollution from
road oil and improperly disposed oil.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.4 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non- point source
Pollution, Including Trash?
Essent’l Concept: 11.4 Specify the marine environmental problems associated with non-point
source pollution, including trash
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
27) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Invasive species can wreak
ecological havoc by outcompeting and dominating native populations BECAUSE they lack
predators or other natural controls in their new habitats.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.5 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Biological Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.5 Specify the environmental problems associated with biological pollution
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
28) Legal scholars from which of the following nations were important, early on, in formulating
international laws of the sea and the territorial limit?
A) Dutchland
B) Holland
C) Portugal
D) Spain
E) Switzerland
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.6 What Laws Govern Ocean Ownership?
Essent’l Concept: 11.6 Demonstrate an understanding of the laws that govern ocean ownership.
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
13
29) The one-league territorial limit from shore that each country maintains was based on which of
the following?
A) The edge of the continental shelf
B) The length of the longest rope
C) The point where ocean depth increased
D) The range of a cannon ball
E) The speed of the fastest ship
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.6 What Laws Govern Ocean Ownership?
Essent’l Concept: 11.6 Demonstrate an understanding of the laws that govern ocean ownership.
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
30) The Law of the Sea treaty established a uniform territorial sea of ________ nautical miles.
A) three
B) twelve
C) nineteen
D) two hundred
E) three hundred seventy
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.6 What Laws Govern Ocean Ownership?
Essent’l Concept: 11.6 Demonstrate an understanding of the laws that govern ocean ownership.
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
31) The Law of the Sea treaty established a exclusive economic zone of ________ nautical miles
from all land within a nation, including islands.
A) three
B) twelve
C) nineteen
D) two hundred
E) three hundred seventy
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.6 What Laws Govern Ocean Ownership?
Essent’l Concept: 11.6 Demonstrate an understanding of the laws that govern ocean ownership.
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
14
32) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The United States opposed
the 1982 Law of the Sea treaty BECAUSE of concerns that sea floor mining would pollute the
ocean.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.6 What Laws Govern Ocean Ownership?
Essent’l Concept: 11.6 Demonstrate an understanding of the laws that govern ocean ownership.
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
33) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Dead seaweed on the beach
is incorrectly considered to be pollution by some people BECAUSE by definition, nature doesn’t
pollute.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.1 What Is Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.1 Explain how pollution is defined
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
34) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Scientists have an excellent
baseline from which to determine how pollutants have altered the marine environment BECAUSE
the ocean was studied extensively before it was polluted.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.1 What Is Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.1 Explain how pollution is defined
OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
15
35) Scientists typical do not use a specific environmental bioassay to draw general conclusions
about a pollutant because they ________.
A) are specific to all creatures in an ecosystem
B) can be performed quickly with little effort
C) may result in data that isn’t applicable to other species
D) only predict the long-term effect of pollution on marine organisms
E) take into account how pollutants may combine to create new pollutants
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.1 What Is Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.1 Explain how pollution is defined
Global Sci Out: 1
36) Petroleum in the ocean is not considered a pollutant when ________.
A) it leaks from a ruptured pipeline
B) it results from extraction on the sea floor
C) it was already sent to a refinery
D) natural seepage is responsible
E) oil tankers run aground
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
37) The 1989 oil spill that harmed Prince William Sound in Alaska was due to which of the
following?
A) It leaked from a ruptured pipeline
B) It resulted from drilling on the sea floor
C) It was deliberately released from a refinery
D) An earthquake triggered natural seepage
E) An oil tanker ran aground
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
16
38) Oil from the Exxon Valdez supertanker that polluted Prince William Sound in 1989 originated
from which of the following?
A) Bligh Reef
B) California refineries
C) Gulf of Mexico
D) North Slope of Alaska
E) Valdez, Alaska
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
39) The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill was estimated to have killed at least ________ sea otters.
A) 1,000
B) 10,000
C) 70,000
D) 100,000
E) 700,000
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
40) Which of the following is considered the world’s largest oil spill?
A) Blowout of the Ixtoc #1 oil-drilling platform in 1979.
B) Explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil-drilling platform in 2010.
C) Intentional dumping by the Iraqi army in 1991.
D) Rupturing of the Exxon Valdez supertanker in 1989.
E) Spillage from natural seeps and regular human activities every year.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
17
41) Which of the following is considered the world’s largest accidental oil spill?
A) Blowout of the Ixtoc #1 oil-drilling platform in 1979.
B) Explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil-drilling platform in 2010.
C) Intentional dumping by the Iraqi army in 1991.
D) Rupturing of the Exxon Valdez supertanker in 1989.
E) Spillage from natural seeps and regular human activities every year.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
42) After the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil-drilling platform in 2010, Scientists estimate
that BP removed about ________ of the oil, most of it recovered directly from the well, burned at
sea, or skimmed by boats.
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 75%
E) 90%
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
43) After the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil-drilling platform in 2010, Scientists estimate
that about ________ of the oil evaporated or dissolved into scattered molecules.
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 75%
E) 90%
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
18
44) After the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil-drilling platform in 2010, Scientists estimate
that about ________ of the oil either was naturally dispersed in the water as small droplets or was
chemically dispersed.
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 75%
E) 90%
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
45) After the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil-drilling platform in 2010, Scientists estimate
that about ________ of the oil hasn’t been fully accounted for.
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 75%
E) 90%
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
46) Which of the following has been proposed by scientists for the fate of the missing residual oil
due to the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil-drilling platform in 2010?
A) It burned at sea.
B) It dissolved into scattered molecules.
C) It evaporated.
D) It naturally dispersed in the water.
E) It sunk to the sea floor.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
19
47) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Birds, sea turtles, marine
mammals, fish, and shellfish are severely affected by oil spills BECAUSE hydrocarbons are largely
biodegradable.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
48) Scientific studies have shown that fish exposed to PAHs in crude oil exhibited changes in
________ that are linked to developmental abnormalities, decreased embryo survival, and lower
reproductive success.
A) blood concentrations
B) body temperature
C) gene expression
D) heart rate
E) metabolism
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
49) What percentage of oil that enters the oceans worldwide is caused by underwater natural oil
seeps?
A) 6%
B) 22%
C) 47%
D) 53%
E) 72%
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
20