Essentials of Oceanography, 12e (Trujillo)
Chapter 11 Marine Pollution
11.1 Matching Questions
Match the pollutant with its general category. Use each answer, once, more than once, or not at all.
A) persistent biologically active chemicals
B) toxic metals
C) hydrocarbons
D) sewage sludge
1) concentrated organic matter
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.3 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non-Petroleum Chemical
Pollution?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.3 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non-Petroleum Chemical
Pollution?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.3 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non-Petroleum Chemical
Pollution?
5) PCBs
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.3 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non-Petroleum Chemical
Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.3 Specify the marine environmental problems associated with non-petroleum
chemical pollution
Match the invasive species with the description of the damage it caused. Use each answer, once,
more than once, or not at all.
A) Atlantic cordgrass Spartina alterniflora
B) Atlantic comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi
C) Seaweed Caulerpa taxifolia
D) European green crab Carcinus maenas
E) European zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha
6) It displaced native marine species along soft-bottom coasts of California, Washington, and China
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.5 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Biological Pollution?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.5 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Biological Pollution?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.5 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Biological Pollution?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.5 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Biological Pollution?
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11.2 Multiple Choice Questions
1) The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extends ________.
A) 3 nautical miles from the coast
B) 10.5 nautical miles from the coast
C) 20 nautical miles from the coast
D) 200 nautical miles from the coast
E) into open international waters
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.6 What Laws Govern Ocean Ownership?
Essent’l Concept: 11.6 Demonstrate an understanding of the laws that govern ocean ownership.
2) Which of the following is not considered a pollutant in the marine environment?
A) Heavy metals such as mercury and silver
B) Hydrocarbons
C) Nutrient runoff
D) Phytoplankton
E) Sewage sludge
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.1 What Is Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.1 Explain how pollution is defined
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
3) The toxicity of marine pollutants is evaluated through bioassays by ________.
A) calculating the concentration at which 50% of the test organisms die
B) determining the length of time that the pollutant remains in the environment
C) determining the total biomass of affected organisms in the environment
D) estimating the number of trophic transfers in the food web affected by the pollutant
E) the EPA
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.1 What Is Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.1 Explain how pollution is defined
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
4
4) The two most significant human sources of oil pollution in the marine environment are
________.
A) blow out accidents and urban run-off
B) natural seeps and urban run-off
C) normal oil tanker/shipping operations and urban run-off
D) oil tanker and blowout accidents in marine coastal waters
E) tar balls and oil tanker accidents
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
5) The most biologically devastating oil spills in the marine environment are usually a result of
________.
A) blow out accidents on drilling platforms
B) collision and/or sinking of oil tankers
C) discharge from refueling tankers and ships
D) natural deep-sea seeps
E) urban run-off
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
6) Bioremediation has been particularly effective in marine ecosystems in the clean-up of
________.
A) heavy metals
B) hydrocarbons
C) nitrates
D) pesticides
E) thermal effluents
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
5
7) Secondary sewage treatment is distinguished form primary sewage treatment by the ________.
A) addition of bacteria to process organic contaminants
B) aeration of liquid effluent following chlorination
C) chlorination of the liquid effluent
D) removal of inorganic nutrients from the liquid effluent
E) separation of the suspended solids from the liquid effluent
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.3 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non-Petroleum Chemical
Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.3 Specify the marine environmental problems associated with non-petroleum
chemical pollution
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
8) Which of the following characterizes the pesticide DDT and industrial chemicals such as PCBs?
A) Persistence in the environment
B) Biologically active
C) Relatively high toxicity
D) Propensity to accumulate in food chains
E) All of the above are correct.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.3 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non-Petroleum Chemical
Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.3 Specify the marine environmental problems associated with non-petroleum
chemical pollution
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
9) Minamata disease is associated with ________.
A) dinoflagellates in tropical reef ecosystems
B) eutrophication
C) harmful algal blooms
D) illegal fishing in tropical areas
E) ingestion of methyl mercury-contaminated fish and shellfish
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.3 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non-Petroleum Chemical
Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.3 Specify the marine environmental problems associated with non-petroleum
chemical pollution
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
6
10) Plastics cause significant biological damage in oceans when ________.
A) degradation rapidly releases toxins into the environment
B) plastic waste strangles seals and birds
C) pellets appear in the sediments
D) plastics degrade into DDT
E) bacteria levels increase in them
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.4 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non- point source
Pollution, Including Trash?
Essent’l Concept: 11.4 Specify the marine environmental problems associated with non-point
source pollution, including trash
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
11) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of
words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A) DDT
B) Mercury
C) Nitrates
D) Phytoplankton
E) Petroleum
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.1 What Is Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.1 Explain how pollution is defined
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
12) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of
words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A) Atlantic comb jelly
B) Caulerpa taxifolia
C) Green crab
D) Spartina alterniflora
E) Water hyacinth
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.5 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Biological Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.5 Specify the environmental problems associated with biological pollution
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13) Up until 1993 New York City dumped which of the following into the coastal ocean?
A) Industrial chemicals
B) Oil dispersants
C) Pesticide
D) Sewage sludge
E) Waste oil
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.3 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non-Petroleum Chemical
Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.3 Specify the marine environmental problems associated with non-petroleum
chemical pollution
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
14) Which of the following causes Minamata disease, a degenerative neurological disorder that
causes blindness, brain damage, birth defects, paralysis, and death?
A) DDT
B) Methyl mercury
C) PCBs
D) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
E) Sewage sludge
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.3 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non-Petroleum Chemical
Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.3 Specify the marine environmental problems associated with non-petroleum
chemical pollution
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
15) Which of the following is considered point source pollution?
A) Fertilizers from lawns
B) Municipal sewage sludge
C) Pesticides from agriculture
D) Road oil from automobiles
E) Trash washed down storm drains
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.4 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non- point source
Pollution, Including Trash?
Essent’l Concept: 11.4 Specify the marine environmental problems associated with non-point
source pollution, including trash
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
8
16) Some plastics accumulate poisons such as DDT and PCBs to levels as high as a ________ times
their concentrations in seawater.
A) fifty
B) one hundred
C) one thousand
D) one million
E) one billion
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.4 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Non- point source
Pollution, Including Trash?
Essent’l Concept: 11.4 Specify the marine environmental problems associated with non-point
source pollution, including trash
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
17) More than ________ non-native species have been introduced in the United States.
A) 7,000
B) 17,000
C) 37,000
D) 57,000
E) 77,000
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 11.5 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Biological Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.5 Specify the environmental problems associated with biological pollution
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
18) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Beaches that were left alone
after the Exxon Valdez disaster recovered more quickly and more completely than the cleaned
beaches BECAUSE hot water removed the oil but also killed most shoreline organisms.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
9
19) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Exxon should not have been
held responsible for the Exxon Valdez disaster BECAUSE icebergs from the Columbia Glacier
forced the captain to stop the tanker on Bligh Reef.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
20) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Chemical dispersant were
used as part of the clean up of the BP Deepwater Horizon oil disaster BECAUSE the dispersants are
considered less toxic to marine life than the oil.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
21) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Oil spills in the ocean are
not considered harmful BECAUSE crude oil in seawater at concentrations of 0.7 parts per billion
kills or damages certain fish eggs.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
C) The assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
D) The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 11.2 What Marine Environmental Problems Are Associated with Petroleum Pollution?
Essent’l Concept: 11.2 Specify the marine environmental problems
OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
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