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9) Discuss the forces that contribute to the formation of beaches and give an explanation of the
basic terminology used to describe features characteristic of beaches.
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 10.1 How Are Coastal Regions Defined?
Essent'l Concept: 10.1 Use appropriate beach terminology to specify how coastal regions are
defined
Global Sci Out: 8
10) List and briefly describe the four types of estuaries based upon origin and give an example of
each.
Answer: 1. A coastal plain estuary forms as sea level rises and floods existing river valleys.
These estuaries, such as the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and Virginia, are called drowned river
valleys. 2. A fjord forms as sea level rises and floods a glaciated valley. Water-carved valleys
have V-shaped profiles, but fjords are U-shaped valleys with steep walls. Commonly, a shallowly
submerged glacial deposit of debris (called a moraine) is located near the ocean entrance,
marking the farthest extent of the glacier. Fjords are common along the coasts of Alaska, Canada,
New Zealand, Chile, and Norway. 3. A bar-built estuary is shallow and is separated from the
open ocean by sand bars that are deposited parallel to the coast by wave action. Lagoons that
separate barrier islands from the mainland are bar-built estuaries. They are very common along
the US Gulf Coast and East Coast. Examples include Laguna Madre in Texas and Pamlico Sound
in North Carolina. 4. A tectonic estuary forms when faulting or folding of rocks creates a
restricted downdropped area into which the sea has flooded. California's San Francisco Bay is in
part a tectonic estuary, formed by movement along faults, including the San Andreas Fault.
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 10.6 What Are the Characteristics and Types of Coastal Waters?
Essent'l Concept: 10.6 Compare the various types of coastal waters
Global Sci Out: 8
40
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
10.4 Visual Questions
1)
This wetland coastal area occurs ________.
A) between 30°N and 30°S latitude
B) in coastal areas that dissipate wave energy
C) in coastal areas that do not experience seasonal killing frosts
D) between 30°N and 30°S latitude, in coastal areas that dissipate wave energy, and in coastal
areas that do not experience seasonal killing frosts
E) between 30°N and 30°S latitude, and in coastal areas that dissipate wave energy
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 10.7 What Issues Face Coastal Wetlands?
Essent'l Concept: 10.7 Specify the issues that face coastal wetlands
Global Sci Out: 3
41
2)
Which of the following processes is responsible for the graph of salinity versus depth for a
coastal ocean?
A) Density driven bottom flow
B) Fresh water runoff
C) High Evaporation
D) Strong offshore winds
E) Vertical mixing
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 10.6 What Are the Characteristics and Types of Coastal Waters?
Essent'l Concept: 10.6 Compare the various types of coastal waters
Global Sci Out: 3
3)
Which of the following best describes the coastal ocean environment that results in the
temperature versus depth graph shown above?
A) High latitude
B) Low latitude
C) Middle latitude in summer
D) Middle latitude in winter
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 10.6 What Are the Characteristics and Types of Coastal Waters?
Essent'l Concept: 10.6 Compare the various types of coastal waters
Global Sci Out: 3
42
4)
Which of the following best describes the coastal ocean environment that results in the
temperature versus depth graph shown above?
A) High latitude
B) Low latitude
C) Middle latitude in summer
D) Middle latitude in winter
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 10.6 What Are the Characteristics and Types of Coastal Waters?
Essent'l Concept: 10.6 Compare the various types of coastal waters
Global Sci Out: 3
5)
Which of the following best describes the coastal ocean environment that results in the
temperature versus depth graph shown above?
A) High latitude
B) Low latitude
C) Middle latitude in summer
D) Middle latitude in winter
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 10.6 What Are the Characteristics and Types of Coastal Waters?
Essent'l Concept: 10.6 Compare the various types of coastal waters
Global Sci Out: 3
43
6)
Which of the following best describes the coastal ocean environment that results in the
temperature versus depth graph shown above?
A) High latitude
B) Low latitude
C) Middle latitude in summer
D) Middle latitude in winter
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 10.6 What Are the Characteristics and Types of Coastal Waters?
Essent'l Concept: 10.6 Compare the various types of coastal waters
Global Sci Out: 3
44
7)
The estuary in the image above is an example of which of the following?
A) Bar-built estuary
B) Coastal plain estuary
C) Fjord
D) Salt wedge estuary
E) Tectonic estuary
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 10.6 What Are the Characteristics and Types of Coastal Waters?
Essent'l Concept: 10.6 Compare the various types of coastal waters
Global Sci Out: 3
45
8)
The estuary in the image above is an example of which of the following?
A) Bar-built estuary
B) Coastal plain estuary
C) Fjord
D) Salt wedge estuary
E) Tectonic estuary
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 10.6 What Are the Characteristics and Types of Coastal Waters?
Essent'l Concept: 10.6 Compare the various types of coastal waters
Global Sci Out: 3
46
9)
The estuary in the image above is an example of which of the following?
A) Bar-built estuary
B) Coastal plain estuary
C) Fjord
D) Salt wedge estuary
E) Tectonic estuary
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 10.6 What Are the Characteristics and Types of Coastal Waters?
Essent'l Concept: 10.6 Compare the various types of coastal waters
Global Sci Out: 3
47
10)
The image above is an example of which of the following?
A) Barrier island
B) Coastal plain estuary
C) Fjord
D) Summertime beach
E) Wintertime beach
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 10.2 How Does Sand Move on the Beach?
Essent'l Concept: 10.2 Explain how sand moves on the beach
Global Sci Out: 3
48
