Essentials of Oceanography, 12e (Trujillo)
Chapter 1 Introduction to Planet “Earth”
1.1 Matching Questions
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. Not all answers will be used.
A) led voyage that first circumnavigated the globe
B) established impermanent settlement in North America and the first Europeans to explore
Iceland and Greenland
C) first European explorer to see the Pacific Ocean
D) first determination of Earth’s circumference
E) mapped world with Roman knowledge showing latitude and longitude
1) Balboa
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved?
5) Vikings
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved?
Essent’l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved
OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
Match the term with the appropriate phrase. Not all answers will be used.
A) composed mostly of iron and nickel with a liquefied metallic outer layer
B) contains minerals rich in iron and magnesium, between the crust and the core, and has the
second largest volume according to the chemical classification
C) the Sun and the eight major planets revolving around it
D) gaseous and dusty space cloud (precursor to a solar system)
E) outermost portion of the Earth composed largely of the igneous rocks basalt and granite
6) core
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed?
Essent’l Concept: 1.5 Explain how Earth and the solar system were formed
Match the term with the appropriate phrase. Not all answers will be used.
A) continental crust
B) crust and the uppermost mantle consisting of a solid rock layer
C) oceanic crust
D) plastic (capable of flow) portion of the upper mantle beneath the lithosphere
E) lower portion of the mantle that is rigid
11) asthenosphere
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed?
4
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
1.2 Multiple Choice Questions
1) The four principal ocean basins (plus an additional ocean) on Earth are the ________.
A) Atlantic, Arctic, Mediterranean, Southern, and Pacific Oceans
B) Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans
C) Atlantic, Antarctic, Southern, Mediterranean, and Pacific Oceans
D) Antarctic, Caspian, Southern, Indian, and Pacific Oceans
E) Antarctic, Arctic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.1 How Are Earth’s Oceans Unique?
Essent’l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth’s oceans
OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
2) The largest of the ocean basins, which currently covers more than half of the ocean surface, is
the ________.
A) Arctic Ocean
B) Atlantic Ocean
C) Indian Ocean
D) Pacific Ocean
E) Southern Ocean
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.1 How Are Earth’s Oceans Unique?
Essent’l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth’s oceans
OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
3) The average depth of the world’s oceans is approximately ________.
A) 11,022 meters (36,161 feet)
B) 840 meters (2,756 feet)
C) 3,682 meters (12,080 feet)
D) 2,172 meters (7,126 feet)
E) 5,280 meters (17,323 feet)
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.1 How Are Earth’s Oceans Unique?
Essent’l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth’s oceans
OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
5
4) Which of the following is TRUE concerning the deepest part of the ocean?
A) The bottom of this trench has never been reached by a submersible.
B) The deepest part of the ocean is located in a trench off the coast of Japan.
C) The depth of this trench exceeds the height of Mount Everest.
D) The depth of this trench is estimated at 15,000 meters.
E) This trench is called the Philippine Trench.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.1 How Are Earth’s Oceans Unique?
Essent’l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth’s oceans
OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
5) The first humans from Western Hemisphere known to have developed the art of navigation
were the ________.
A) Polynesians
B) Greeks
C) Vikings
D) Phoenicians
E) New Zealanders
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved?
Essent’l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved
OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
6) The method of determining latitude in the Northern Hemisphere by measuring the angle
between an observer’s line of site to the North Star and line of site to the northern horizon was
developed by ________.
A) Pytheas
B) Eratosthenes
C) Herodotus
D) Seneca
E) Ptolemy
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved?
Essent’l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved
OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
6
7) The first person we are aware of who determined the circumference of the Earth using
trigonometry and the angle of sunlight at Alexandria, Egypt, was ________.
A) Pytheas
B) Eratosthenes
C) Herodotus
D) Seneca
E) Ptolemy
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved?
Essent’l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved
OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
8) Most of the explorations by northern and western Europeans during the Middle (Dark) Ages
were undertaken by ________.
A) Italy
B) Portugal
C) Vikings of Scandinavia
D) France
E) Spain
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved?
Essent’l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved
OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
9) The European “Age of Discovery” began with ________.
A) Christopher Columbus’ discovery of the “New World”
B) Ferdinand Magellan’s circumnavigation of the globe
C) Phoenician exploration of the Mediterranean
D) Polynesian colonization of Pacific Islands
E) Viking voyages to North America
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved?
Essent’l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved
OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
7
10) The European “Age of Discovery” ended with ________.
A) Christopher Columbus’ discovery of the “New World”
B) Ferdinand Magellan’s circumnavigation of the globe
C) Phoenician exploration of the Mediterranean
D) Polynesian colonization of Pacific Islands
E) Viking voyages to North America
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved?
Essent’l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved
OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
11) A tentative, testable statement about the general nature of a phenomenon is called a/an
________.
A) guess
B) law
C) observation
D) hypothesis
E) theory
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.4 What Is the Nature of Scientific Inquiry?
Essent’l Concept: 1.4 Describe the nature of scientific inquiry
Global Sci Out: 1
12) Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of
rigorous testing and verification, are examples of ________.
A) guesses
B) laws
C) observations
D) hypotheses
E) theories
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.4 What Is the Nature of Scientific Inquiry?
Essent’l Concept: 1.4 Describe the nature of scientific inquiry
Global Sci Out: 1
8
13) The Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about 5 billion years ago from a huge cloud
of dust and gas called a ________.
A) nebula
B) solar system
C) protoplanet
D) quasar
E) supernova
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed?
Essent’l Concept: 1.5 Explain how Earth and the solar system were formed
14) The nebular hypothesis suggests that ________.
A) all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud
B) Earth’s moon is an asteroid captured by the Earth’s gravity
C) galaxies such as the Milky Way form independent of one another
D) the Earth was formed by a cosmic explosion, a “big bang”
E) the moon is derived from a protoplanet
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed?
Essent’l Concept: 1.5 Explain how Earth and the solar system were formed
15) The separation of the Earth into layers while it was molten was the result of the ________.
A) decrease in temperature downward toward the core
B) differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth
C) gravitational force created by the rotating Earth
D) initial collection of materials and their position in Earth
E) presence of water at Earth’s surface
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed?
Essent’l Concept: 1.5 Explain how Earth and the solar system were formed
9
16) Oceanic crust is primarily ________.
A) basalt
B) carbonate sedimentary rocks
C) clay minerals
D) granite
E) siltstone
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed?
Essent’l Concept: 1.5 Explain how Earth and the solar system were formed
17) Which of the following statements regarding continental and oceanic crust is TRUE?
A) Continental crust and oceanic crust have equivalent densities.
B) Continental crust is thicker and denser than oceanic crust.
C) Continental crust is thinner and denser than oceanic crust.
D) Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust.
E) Continental crust is thinner and less dense than oceanic crust.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed?
Essent’l Concept: 1.5 Explain how Earth and the solar system were formed
18) Earth’s primordial atmosphere most likely included ________.
A) ammonia, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor
B) carbon dioxide, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, and methane
C) hydrogen, helium, and oxygen
D) nitrogen, ozone, and sulfur dioxide
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 1.6 How Were Earth’s Atmosphere and Oceans Formed?
Essent’l Concept: 1.6 Explain how Earth’s atmosphere and ocean were formed
OSLP: 4 The ocean made Earth habitable.
10