Emergency Care, 13e (Limmer et al.)
Chapter 7 Ventilation, Perfusion, and Shock: Understanding Pathophysiology
1) The study of how disease affects the functioning of the human body is called:
A) psychology.
B) physiology.
C) pathophysiology.
D) anatomy.
Objective: 7.1
2) The volume of air that is moved in and out of the chest in a normal breath cycle is called:
A) vital capacity.
B) tidal volume.
C) expiration.
D) inspiration.
Objective: 7.1
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3) Not all inspired air reaches the alveoli; 150 mL is stopped in the airway leading to the alveoli.
This is called:
A) vital capacity.
B) bronchial air.
C) tidal volume.
D) dead air space.
Objective: 7.1
4) In normal exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax to contract the chest, which
creates a positive pressure. This is what type of process?
A) Inspiration
B) Active
C) Passive
D) Respiration
Objective: 7.1
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5) Carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs in two ways: via the red blood cells and:
A) white blood cells.
B) oncotic pressure.
C) hydrostatic pressure.
D) plasma.
Objective: 7.1
6) The pressure that is created when the heart pushes the blood throughout the circulatory system
is called:
A) hyperstatic pressure.
B) osmotic pressure.
C) oncotic pressure.
D) hydrostatic pressure.
Objective: 7.1
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7) Plasma oncotic pressure is created by the movement of which of the following?
A) Large proteins
B) Contraction of the heart
C) Constriction of the vessels
D) Dilation of the vessels
Objective: 7.1
8) Certain blood vessels that contain specialized sensors that detect the level of internal pressure
and transmit messages to the nervous system, which then triggers the smooth muscle in the
vessel walls to make any needed size adjustments, are called:
A) pressure receptors.
B) stretch receptors.
C) chemoreceptors.
D) volume receptors.
Objective: 7.1
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9) Stroke volume depends on a series of factors: one is the force the myocardial muscle exerts to
move the blood. This is known as:
A) preload.
B) contractility.
C) automaticity.
D) afterload.
Objective: 7.1
10) Janie is having difficulty breathing. Her current tidal volume is 350 mL, and she is breathing
at 28 times per minute. What would be her minute volume?
A) 9,800 mL
B) 12.5 mL
C) 342 mL
D) 378 mL
Objective: 7.1
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11) Production of energy occurs in what part of the cell?
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Mitochondria
C) Nucleus
D) Potassium pump
Objective: 7.2
12) You are on the scene at a local park where a 51-year-old male is reported to be confused and
having difficulty walking. Your partner notes that the patient is wearing a bracelet indicating he
is diabetic. Upon questioning, the patient is able to report that he has not eaten in 8 hours. Your
knowledge of pathophysiology suggests that the patient may be suffering from a diabetic
emergency. Glucose is a building block for what form of energy in the cell?
A) Mitochondria
B) Electrolytes
C) ATP
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Objective: 7.2
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13) Which of the following BEST defines adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
A) It is the form of energy produced in the mitochondria and is the cell’s engine responsible for
all cell function.
B) It is the form of energy produced in the endoplasmic reticulum and is the cell’s engine
responsible for all cell function.
C) It is the form of energy that is produced in the nucleus from glucose and other nutrients.
D) It is the form of energy that is produced in the mitochondria from glucose and DNA.
Objective: 7.2
14) The cellular structure that is responsible for synthesizing proteins is:
A) mitochondria.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) nucleus.
D) sodium pump.
Objective: 7.2
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15) The movement of ions across the cell membrane is needed to accomplish repolarization.
What cell structure is used to prepare for depolarization?
A) Mitochondria
B) Nucleus
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Sodium potassium pump
Objective: 7.2
16) The most vulnerable part of the cell is the:
A) mitochondria.
B) DNA.
C) membrane.
D) nucleus.
Objective: 7.2
17) Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up:
A) organelles.
B) sections.
C) systems.
D) groups.
Objective: 7.2
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18) What substances, when dissolved, separate into charged particles?
A) ATP
B) Electrolytes
C) Cations
D) Ions
Objective: 7.2
19) The basic nutrient of the cell and the building block for energy is:
A) glucose.
B) protein.
C) oxygen.
D) water.
Objective: 7.3
20) What element does the cell need in order to NOT dehydrate and die?
A) Glucose
B) Proteins
C) Water
D) Oxygen
Objective: 7.3
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21) The process by which glucose and other nutrients are converted into energy is called:
A) catabolism.
B) respiration.
C) metabolism.
D) depolarization.
Objective: 7.3
22) What is the type of metabolism that occurs when energy is created with a balance of
adequate oxygen and nutrients?
A) Anaerobic
B) Aerobic
C) Hypoxic
D) Homeostatic
Objective: 7.3
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