Emergency Care, 13e (Limmer et al.)
Chapter 6 Anatomy and Physiology
1) Physiology is the study of:
A) body structures.
B) muscles and movement.
C) body systems.
D) exercise and nutrition.
Objective: 6.1
2) In relation to anatomy, the term topography means:
A) the study of the skin.
B) external landmarks of body structures.
C) blood pressure fluctuations.
D) key elements of the central nervous system.
Objective: 6.1
3) Which of the following BEST describes the medical condition of shock?
A) Hypotension
B) A state of inadequate tissue perfusion
C) An extreme emotional reaction to a stressful event
D) Delayed capillary refill
Objective: 6.1
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4) Which of the following structures or tissues is NOT part of the musculoskeletal system?
A) Ligaments
B) Acetabulum
C) Fat
D) Tendons
Objective: 6.2
5) Which of the following structures do NOT form part of the thorax?
A) Sternum
B) Ribs
C) 8th through 19th vertebrae
D) Ischium
Objective: 6.2
6) What are the two most easily injured portions of the spine?
A) Sacral and coccygeal
B) Cervical and thoracic
C) Cervical and lumbar
D) Lumbar and sacral
Objective: 6.2
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7) Which of the following terms describes the heart muscle’s ability to generate its own electrical
impulses?
A) Contractility
B) Conductivity
C) Automaticity
D) Irritability
Objective: 6.2
8) Which of the following respiratory processes requires the active use of muscles?
A) Inhalation
B) Bifurcation
C) Exhalation
D) Gas exchange
Objective: 6.2
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9) What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the lungs?
A) Voluntary
B) Striated
C) Skeletal
D) Smooth
Objective: 6.2
10) Which of the following organs functions as a reservoir for blood that can be used in case of
blood loss?
A) Liver
B) Spleen
C) Thyroid gland
D) Heart
Objective: 6.2
11) An artery is a blood vessel that only:
A) returns blood to the heart.
B) carries oxygenated blood.
C) carries deoxygenated blood.
D) carries blood away from the heart.
Objective: 6.2
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12) The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following
mechanisms?
A) Coronary arteries that branch off the aorta
B) Coronary veins that branch off the pulmonary vein as it returns oxygenated blood to the heart
C) Absorption of oxygen from the blood returning from the lungs
D) None of the above
Objective: 6.2
13) A clot cannot form without which of the following blood components?
A) Plasma
B) Corpuscles
C) Platelets
D) White blood cells
Objective: 6.2
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14) You are caring for a 47-year-old male patient with classical chest pain suggestive of a
myocardial infarction. Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular system, you know he
could be suffering from damage, narrowing, or blockage of what arteries?
A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Coronary arteries
C) Brachial arteries
D) Femoral arteries
Objective: 6.2
15) Which of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly
between the blood and the cells of the body?
A) Veins
B) Alveoli
C) Capillaries
D) Arterioles
Objective: 6.2
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16) Which of the following makes up more than half of the volume of blood in the body?
A) Platelets
B) Plasma
C) Red blood cells
D) White corpuscles
Objective: 6.2
17) You have been dispatched to the site of a construction accident where a 36-year-old male
patient was moderately cut by some machinery. His left arm has a 4″ deep laceration that appears
to have stopped bleeding with the gauze and direct pressure applied by his coworkers. Your
knowledge of physiology suggests that which component of blood was partially responsible for
forming clotting factors to stop the bleeding?
A) Platelets
B) White blood cells
C) Plasma
D) Red blood cells
Objective: 6.2
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18) What condition of immediate concern results from a loss of red blood cells due to
hemorrhage?
A) Decreased ability to fight infection
B) Decrease in pulse rate
C) Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues
D) Decreased production of carbon dioxide
Objective: 6.2
19) The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart and
circulates through the body is the ________ blood pressure.
A) systolic
B) diastolic
C) central venous
D) mean arterial
Objective: 6.2
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20) The pulse palpated on the top of the foot is called the ________ pulse.
A) phalanx proximalis
B) tibialis posterior
C) dorsalis pedis
D) suprametatarsal
Objective: 6.2
21) In which of the following locations is the femoral pulse palpated?
A) At the groin
B) Behind the knee
C) On the medial side of the ankle, posterior to the tibia
D) On the medial side of the upper arm
Objective: 6.2
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22) You are on the scene at an office building where a 32-year-old male is described as having
difficulty breathing and chest pain. The patient is allergic to peanuts and thinks he may have
accidentally ingested some cookies with peanuts in them this afternoon during his break. He is
pale with a pulse rate of 158 and a respiratory rate of 36. You understand that a “fight-or-flight”
response may have been activated in this patient, involving which nervous system and which
hormone?
A) Parasympathetic nervous system and insulin
B) Parasympathetic nervous system and epinephrine
C) Sympathetic nervous system and insulin
D) Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine
Objective: 6.2
23) Which of the following is the primary function of the stomach?
A) Production of bile
B) Absorption of water from food products
C) Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions
D) Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream
Objective: 6.2
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