Emergency Care, 13e (Limmer et al.)
Chapter 25 Bleeding and Shock
1) Shock is the circulatory system’s failure to provide sufficient blood and oxygen to all the
body’s tissues. Which of the answers is NOT a major type of shock?
A) Hypovolemic
B) Hemorrhagic
C) Hypervolemic
D) Cardiogenic
Objective: 25.1
2) Which of the following vessels has the thickest muscular walls that allow constriction and
dilation?
A) Arteries
B) Capillaries
C) Veins
D) Lymphatic vessels
Objective: 25.2
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3) Which of the following types of vessels have valves to maintain one-way blood flow?
A) Arteries
B) Capillaries
C) Veins
D) Arterioles
Objective: 25.2
4) Which of the following BEST describes the function of blood?
A) It is a life-giving liquid that supports all the body’s functions to maintain hypoperfusion.
B) It clots, flows, transports, protects, and excretes on a daily basis.
C) It transports gases along with nutrients, aids in excretion, and provides protection and
regulation.
D) It flows from the heart with the vital gases and nutrients to maintain lack of perfusion.
Objective: 25.2
5) Which of the following is NOT part of the circulatory system?
A) Heart
B) Brain
C) Blood vessels
D) Blood
Objective: 25.2
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6) In which of the following vessels does the vital exchange take place and also has the thinnest
walls through which oxygen, nutrients, and wastes can pass?
A) Capillaries
B) Microvenules
C) Arterioles
D) Veins
Objective: 25.2
7) Which of the following BEST describes the delivery of oxygen and nutrients at the body’s
cellular level?
A) Hydrostatic pressure
B) Perfusion
C) Osmosis
D) Circulation
Objective: 25.3
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8) Which of the following blood vessels CANNOT stop bleeding by constricting?
A) Arteries
B) Capillaries
C) Venules
D) Arterioles
Objective: 25.4
9) Which of the following vessels contain blood under the highest amount of pressure?
A) Veins
B) Arteries
C) Venules
D) Capillaries
Objective: 25.4
10) Your patient is a 6-year-old child who has fallen down while running on a sidewalk. She has
abrasions on both knees and the palms of both hands, which are oozing blood. This is an example
of bleeding from which of the following types of vessels?
A) Veins
B) Arteries
C) Lymphatic vessels
D) Capillaries
Objective: 25.4
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11) Which of the following is a characteristic of arterial bleeding?
A) Steady flow
B) Dark red color
C) Spurting under pressure
D) Both B and C
Objective: 25.4
12) Which of the following is a characteristic of venous bleeding?
A) It commonly requires the use of pressure point compression.
B) It can be profuse, but is generally easily controlled.
C) It cannot lead to life-threatening amounts of blood loss.
D) It often requires the use of a tourniquet.
Objective: 25.4
13) External bleeding may be classified according to types. Which one of the following is one of
those types?
A) Cardiac bleeding
B) Brain bleeding
C) Capillary bleeding
D) Liver bleeding
Objective: 25.5
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14) In the average adult, the sudden loss of ________ cc of blood is considered serious.
A) 150
B) 500
C) 1,000
D) 750
Objective: 25.5
15) Which of the following must be kept in mind when considering the severity of external
bleeding?
A) Signs of shock do not appear until a large amount of blood has been lost.
B) The amount of blood loss is easily estimated by the amount of blood visible on the ground.
C) A younger person can tolerate more blood loss than an adult.
D) All of the above
Objective: 25.5
16) Which of the following is the most important reason for controlling external bleeding?
A) To prevent hypoperfusion
B) To prevent the spread of infectious diseases
C) To make clean-up of the ambulance and your equipment easier after the call
D) To prevent the patient from becoming upset at the sight of blood
Objective: 25.6
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17) Your patient is a 33-year-old man who has a gunshot wound to his right leg and has active,
steady, dark red bleeding. He is awake, pale, and diaphoretic. He has a strong radial pulse of 112
per minute, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 122/82 mmHg.
He has no other injuries or complaints. Which of the following is the BEST sequence of steps in
the management of this patient?
A) High-concentration oxygen, elevation of the extremity, and application of ice
B) Cervical spine immobilization, high-concentration oxygen, direct pressure, and pressure point
compression
C) High-concentration oxygen, tourniquet, PASG, and elevation of the extremity
D) Direct pressure, high-concentration oxygen, and splinting the leg
Objective: 25.6
18) Which of the following is NOT recommended when controlling epistaxis?
A) Pinching the nostrils together
B) Keeping the patient calm and quiet
C) Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose
D) Placing the unconscious patient in the recovery position
Objective: 25.6
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19) Your patient has attempted suicide by slitting his wrists. You notice that he has run the knife
across his wrist, perpendicular to the arm, and that the wound is rather deep. Which of the
following statements is true regarding the likelihood for serious blood loss?
A) You should expect severe blood loss.
B) There is most likely tremendous internal blood loss.
C) Blood loss is probably not life-threatening.
D) A tourniquet will probably be necessary.
Objective: 25.6
20) Which of the following may occur when there is bleeding from a large vein?
A) Transmission of bloodborne illnesses
B) Air embolism
C) Hypoperfusion
D) All of the above
Objective: 25.6
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21) Which of the following is the LEAST effective method of controlling bleeding?
A) Direct pressure
B) Elevation
C) Tourniquet
D) Hemostatic agent
Objective: 25.6
22) Cold is sometimes used to help control bleeding. When using cold, the following guidelines
and statements are true except:
A) it should not be used alone but rather in conjunction with other manual techniques.
B) it should be applied directly to the skin; it will not be effective if anything is between the cold
agent and the wound.
C) it should not be left in place for more than 20 minutes.
D) it will reduce pain.
Objective: 25.6
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23) Which of the following is recommended in situations in which a tourniquet must be used?
A) Apply a bulky dressing and bandage over the tourniquet.
B) Apply the tourniquet over the elbow or knee.
C) Use a material that is wide and thick.
D) Remove the tourniquet as soon as bleeding is controlled to minimize further damage to the
limb.
Objective: 25.7
24) Which one of the following is incorrect in the application of a tourniquet?
A) The tourniquet should be placed approximately 2 inches above the bleeding.
B) The tourniquet should be 2 to 4 inches wide.
C) A blood pressure cuff can be used as a tourniquet.
D) If possible, the tourniquet should be placed on a joint.
Objective: 25.7
25) Which of the following is the MOST effective way of controlling external bleeding?
A) Running cold water over the wound
B) Using direct pressure with a dressing
C) Elevating the affected part
D) Using an ice pack
Objective: 25.7
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