8) The effect of an imbalance in the BOP is the same for countries on a fixed exchange rate
regime as for those on a floating exchange rate regime.
9) Under a floating exchange rate system, the government bears the responsibility to ensure that
the BOP is near zero.
10) A country with a managed float that wishes to WEAKEN its currency may choose to raise
domestic interest rates to attract additional capital from abroad.
11) A country’s overall level of interest rates should have an impact on the financial account of
the BOP. Relatively low real interest rates should normally stimulate an outflow of capital
seeking higher interest rates in other country currencies.
12) Imports have the potential to lower a country’s inflation rate. In particular, imports of
HIGHER-priced goods and services place a limit on what domestic competitors charge for
comparable goods and services.
13) Very often governments seek to alter the market’s valuation of their currency by influencing
relative interest rates, thus influencing the economic fundamentals of exchange rate
determination rather than through direct intervention in the foreign exchange markets. Describe
how this strategy works. Describe the case of the U.S. or China where the opposite effect, to the
suggest here, have occurred.
1) Of the following, which is NOT a part of J-Curve adjustment path?
A) the currency contract period
B) the exchange rate pass-through period
C) the quantity adjustment period
D) Each of the above is part of the J-Curve adjustment path.
2) Which of the following is NOT likely to occur in the quantity adjustment phase of the J-Curve
adjustment path?
A) Imports become relatively more expensive.
B) Exports become relatively less expensive.
C) The balance of trade gets worse.
D) All of the above are true.
3) When a currency is devalued the immediate impact may be an increase in a country’s trade
deficit. However, this situation tends to correct itself in 2 to 5 weeks.
4) The immediate impact of a devaluation of the domestic currency is to decrease the value of
the spot exchange rate S$/fc.
5) Countries occasionally intentionally devalue their currencies. So what is the logic and likely
results of intentionally devaluing their domestic currency? International economic analysis
characterizes the trade balance adjustment process as occurring in three stages. List and explain
the three stages too.
1) The authors identify four distinct periods of capital mobility since 1860. Which do they term
as a “period of global economic destruction”?
A) 1860 – 1914
B) 1914 – 1945
C) 1945 – 1971
D) 1971 – 2007
2) ________ is the cross-border purchase of assets that are then managed in a way that hides the
movement of money and its ownership.
A) Capital flight
B) Capital mobility
C) Irrational exuberance
D) Money laundering
3) This was an era dominated by industrialized nation economies that were dependent on gold
convertibility to maintain confidence in the system.
A) The Gold Standard, 1860-1914
B) The Interwar Years , 1914-1945
C) The Bretton Woods Era, 1945-1971
D) The Floating Era, 1971-1997
4) This dollar-based fixed exchange rate system gave rise to a long period of economic recovery
and growing openness of both international trade and capital flows in and out of more and more
countries.
A) The Gold Standard, 1860-1914
B) The Interwar Years , 1914-1945
C) The Bretton Woods Era, 1945-1971
D) The Floating Era, 1971-1997
5) An era of retrenchment, in which major economic powers returned to policies of isolationism
and protectionism, restricting trade and nearly eliminating capital mobility.
A) The Gold Standard, 1860-1914
B) The Interwar Years , 1914-1945
C) The Bretton Woods Era, 1945-1971
D) The Floating Era, 1971-1997
6) A ________ is any restriction that limits or alters the rate or direction of capital movement
into or out of a country.
A) capital budget
B) capital control
C) balance of trade deficit
D) balance of trade surplus
7) Long-term capital flows reflect the following factors EXCEPT:
A) short term interest rate differentials
B) fundamental economic expectations
C) growth prospects
D) perceptions of political stability
8) Capital controls may take a variety of forms EXCEPT:
A) currency boards
B) taxes
C) quotas
D) prohibitions
9) The Bretton Woods era realized a great expansion of international trade in goods and services.
10) Longer-term capital flows reflect short-term interest rate differentials and exchange rate
expectations.
11) One of the motivations for capital controls is to insulate an economy from foreign political
risks.
12) Dutch Disease is a term applied to a problem in the 1970 whereby the Netherlands were
experiencing massive and sudden inflows of capital from abroad. What was the cause of this
sudden influx of capital, and what types of potential problems did it have for the Dutch or could
it have for any small single resource country?