Eitzen, In Conflict and Order: Understanding Society, 14th Edition, Test Bank
Chapter Nine: Racial Inequality
Multiple Choice Questions
TB_Q9.1.1
From the Latin for “to crush,” the word _____ means the mistreatment or exploitation of a group.
a. oppression
b. racism
c. prejudice
d. subjugation
Learning Objective: LO 9.1: Understand the concepts of race and ethnicity.
Topic/Concept: Defining Race and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q9.1.2
While sociologists now agree that the idea of race is _____, many people still believe that humans can be divided into
groups based on physically distinguishable characteristics.
a. overly complicated
b. socially constructed
c. increasingly simplistic
d. genetically based
Learning Objective: LO 9.1: Understand the concepts of race and ethnicity.
Topic/Concept: Defining Race and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q9.1.3
Races are real insofar as they are socially defined, meaning
a. people of different races socialize differently.
b. people of different races are socialized differently.
c. racial categories operate as if they are real.
d. racial categories are no longer recognized.
Learning Objective: LO 9.1: Understand the concepts of race and ethnicity.
Topic/Concept: Defining Race and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q9.1.4
Chapter Nine: Racial Inequality
Racial classification in the United States has long been based on a Black/White_____, or two opposing categories
into which all people fit.
a. social structuring
b. spectrum
c. spectroscopy
d. dichotomy
Learning Objective: LO 9.1: Understand the concepts of race and ethnicity.
Topic/Concept: Defining Race and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.1.5
Omi and Winant used the term racial formation to describe how
a. society is continually creating and transforming racial categories.
b. people are tracked into different races depending on their skin color.
c. race is genetically determined at conception.
d. individuals can choose the race to which they wish to belong.
Learning Objective: LO 9.1: Understand the concepts of race and ethnicity.
Topic/Concept: Defining Race and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q9.1.6
What important change regarding race took place in the 2000 U.S. census?
a. Americans could choose between five races instead of four.
b. Americans could indicate more than one race on the census form.
c. The U.S. Census Bureau ceased collecting data on race.
d. The U.S. Census Bureau indicated that race was an optional category.
Learning Objective: LO 9.1: Understand the concepts of race and ethnicity.
Topic/Concept: Defining Race and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.1.7
Between the 2000 census and the 2010 census, the number of interracial couples
a. went down 10%.
b. went down 26%.
c. rose by 28%.
d. rose by 34%.
Learning Objective: LO 9.1: Understand the concepts of race and ethnicity.
In Conflict and Order, 14th edition
Topic/Concept: Defining Race and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.1.8
While _____ are not officially defined as a race, they are socially defined in racial terms.
a. Whites
b. Blacks
c. Asians
d. Hispanics
Learning Objective: LO 9.1: Understand the concepts of race and ethnicity.
Topic/Concept: Defining Race and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q9.1.9
_____ are distinctive on the basis of national origin, language, religion, and culture.
a. Ethnic groups
b. Races
c. Traditional societies
d. Countries
Learning Objective: LO 9.1: Understand the concepts of race and ethnicity.
Topic/Concept: Defining Race and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q9.1.10
_____ has historically been available for the descendants of European immigrants, but less so for others.
a. Racial discrimination
b. Optional ethnicity
c. Ethnic identity
d. Globalization
Learning Objective: LO 9.1: Understand the concepts of race and ethnicity.
Topic/Concept: Defining Race and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.1.11
Chapter Nine: Racial Inequality
_____ is the social construction that sets people of color apart from European immigrant groups.
a. Ethnicity
b. National origin
c. Race
d. Income
Learning Objective: LO 9.1: Understand the concepts of race and ethnicity.
Topic/Concept: Defining Race and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.1.12
According to a 2014 Pew Research poll, people in the Middle East see _____ as the top threat facing the world today.
a. decadence
b. capitalism
c. divisions between social classes
d. religious and ethnic hatred
Learning Objective: LO 9.1: Understand the concepts of race and ethnicity.
Topic/Concept: Defining Race and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.2.13
The term _____ refers to groups that are socially subordinated and remain culturally distinct within U.S. society.
a. racial–ethnic group
b. racialist groups
c. ethnicities
d. common heritage societies
Learning Objective: LO 9.2: Describe the characteristics of the four major racial–ethnic groups in the United States.
Topic/Concept: Racial–Ethnic Groups in the United States and Inequality
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.2.14
Before 1990, virtually all _____ Americans were descended from people brought involuntarily to the United States
before the end of the slave trade.
a. European
b. African
c. Asian
d. Hispanic
Learning Objective: LO 9.2: Describe the characteristics of the four major racial–ethnic groups in the United States.
In Conflict and Order, 14th edition
Topic/Concept: Racial–Ethnic Groups in the United States and Inequality
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.2.15
The increase in immigration from _____ in recent years is changing what it means to be Black.
a. Australia
b. the Southern states
c. Africa and the Caribbean
d. Papua New Guinea
Learning Objective: LO 9.2: Describe the characteristics of the four major racial–ethnic groups in the United States.
Topic/Concept: Racial–Ethnic Groups in the United States and Inequality
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.2.16
Which group is now considered the largest minority in the United States?
a. Asian Americans
b. Whites
c. African Americans
d. Latinos
Learning Objective: LO 9.2: Describe the characteristics of the four major racial–ethnic groups in the United States.
Topic/Concept: Racial–Ethnic Groups in the United States and Inequality
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.2.17
The term _____ encompasses immigrants to the United States from Asian and Pacific Island countries as well as
those born in the United States whose ancestors come from those countries.
a. Pan-Asian
b. Oriental
c. Asian American
d. Multi-Asian
Learning Objective: LO 9.2: Describe the characteristics of the four major racial–ethnic groups in the United States.
Topic/Concept: Racial–Ethnic Groups in the United States and Inequality
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.2.18
Chapter Nine: Racial Inequality
Which ethnic group is at the bottom of most U.S. socioeconomic indicators, with low levels of life expectancy per
capita income, employment, and education?
a. African Americans
b. Native Americans
c. Latinos
d. Recent immigrants
Learning Objective: LO 9.2: Describe the characteristics of the four major racial–ethnic groups in the United States.
Topic/Concept: Racial–Ethnic Groups in the United States and Inequality
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q9.2.19
Sociologists call _____ the cost of being Black.
a. the ethnic income gap
b. affirmative action
c. the racial wealth gap
d. racially based tax incentives
Learning Objective: LO 9.2: Describe the characteristics of the four major racial–ethnic groups in the United States.
Topic/Concept: Racial–Ethnic Groups in the United States and Inequality
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q9.2.20
As of 2012, which ethnic group had the highest high school graduation rate in the United States?
a. African Americans
b. Latinos
c. Whites
d. Asian Americans
Learning Objective: LO 9.2: Describe the characteristics of the four major racial–ethnic groups in the United States.
Topic/Concept: Racial–Ethnic Groups in the United States and Inequality
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.2.21
Between 1990 and 2010, the percentage of African Americans in management positions in the United States
a. increased from 17% to 29%.
b. decreased from 29% to 17%.
c. increased from 13% to 18%.
d. decreased from 18% to 13%.
Learning Objective: LO 9.2: Describe the characteristics of the four major racial–ethnic groups in the United States.
In Conflict and Order, 14th edition
Topic/Concept: Racial–Ethnic Groups in the United States and Inequality
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.2.22
_____ generally work in the lowest rungs of the low-wage workforce.
a. Descendants of immigrants
b. Immigrants
c. Descendants of slaves
d. Poor White people
Learning Objective: LO 9.2: Describe the characteristics of the four major racial–ethnic groups in the United States.
Topic/Concept: Racial–Ethnic Groups in the United States and Inequality
Difficulty Level:
Skill Level:
TB_Q9.2.23
Research finds that health disparities are affected by social conditions. For example, racial minorities are more likely
than other groups to live near
a. hospitals.
b. urban renewal sites.
c. hazardous waste facilities.
d. ambulatory care centers.
Learning Objective: LO 9.2: Describe the characteristics of the four major racial–ethnic groups in the United States.
Topic/Concept: Racial–Ethnic Groups in the United States and Inequality
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q9.2.24
Which term refers to the disproportionate exposure of some racial groups to environmental toxic substances?
a. Ethnic cleansing
b. Ethnic hazards
c. Environmental racism
d. Environmental oppression
Learning Objective: LO 9.2: Describe the characteristics of the four major racial–ethnic groups in the United States.
Topic/Concept: Racial–Ethnic Groups in the United States and Inequality
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.2.25
Chapter Nine: Racial Inequality
Researchers at the Health Policy Institute of the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies in Washington, D.C.,
claim that _____ is more important than genetic code in determining a person’s health.
a. occupation
b. gender roles
c. diet
d. zip code
Learning Objective: LO 9.2: Describe the characteristics of the four major racial–ethnic groups in the United States.
Topic/Concept: Racial–Ethnic Groups in the United States and Inequality
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q9.3.26
The Bell Curve was a book published in 1994 that supported the theory of _____ deficiency, a form of deficiency
theory, by claiming that Blacks are innately inferior to Whites.
a. biological
b. cultural
c. personal
d. intellectual
Learning Objective: LO 9.3: Compare/contrast the explanations of racial and ethnic inequality.
Topic/Concept: Explanations of Racial and Ethnic Inequality
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q9.3.27
The idea that some groups of people are disadvantaged because they are actually inferior is represented in _____
theories.
a. insufficiency
b. deficiency
c. bias
d. structural discrimination
Learning Objective: LO 9.3: Compare/contrast the explanations of racial and ethnic inequality.
Topic/Concept: Explanations of Racial and Ethnic Inequality
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.3.28
According to cultural deficiency theory, one reason certain minority groups remain at the bottom is because they
a. have cultural beliefs and practices.
b. prefer a lower social status.
c. fail to take advantage of the opportunities in society.
d. are seeking a higher social position.
In Conflict and Order, 14th edition
Learning Objective: LO 9.3: Compare/contrast the explanations of racial and ethnic inequality.
Topic/Concept: Explanations of Racial and Ethnic Inequality
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
TB_Q9.3.29
Proponents of the theory known as the _____ poverty claim that people in poverty are to blame for their own
condition.
a. structure of
b. structural
c. cultural
d. culture of
Learning Objective: LO 9.3: Compare/contrast the explanations of racial and ethnic inequality.
Topic/Concept: Explanations of Racial and Ethnic Inequality
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.3.30
_____ theories attribute the plight of certain minorities to prejudiced attitudes held by members of the society’s
dominant group.
a. Insufficiency
b. Deficiency
c. Bias
d. Structural discrimination
Learning Objective: LO 9.3: Compare/contrast the explanations of racial and ethnic inequality.
Topic/Concept: Explanations of Racial and Ethnic Inequality
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q9.3.31
Lawrence Bobo’s research shows that prejudice has declined in the United States. It also shows that most
White Americans
a. are willing to give up part of their own privilege to ensure racial equality.
b. understand that social practices and policies must address racial inequalities.
c. favor affirmative action as a way to compensate minorities for previous inequalities.
d. are still unwilling to support social practices and policies to address racial inequalities.
Learning Objective: LO 9.3: Compare/contrast the explanations of racial and ethnic inequality.
Topic/Concept: Explanations of Racial and Ethnic Inequality
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
TB_Q9.3.32