Financial Markets and Institutions, 8e (Mishkin)
1) Which of the following are important ways in which mortgage markets differ from the stock
and bond markets?
A) The usual borrowers in the capital markets are government entities and businesses, whereas
the usual borrowers in the mortgage markets are individuals.
B) Most mortgages are secured by real estate, whereas the majority of capital market borrowing
is unsecured.
C) Because mortgages are made for different amounts and different maturities, developing a
secondary market has been more difficult.
D) All of the above are important differences.
E) Only A and B of the above are important differences.
2) Which of the following are important ways in which mortgage markets differ from stock and
bond markets?
A) The usual borrowers in capital markets are government entities, whereas the usual borrowers
in mortgage markets are small businesses.
B) The usual borrowers in capital markets are government entities and large businesses, whereas
the usual borrowers in mortgage markets are small businesses.
C) The usual borrowers in capital markets are government entities and large businesses, whereas
the usual borrowers in mortgage markets are small businesses and individuals.
D) The usual borrowers in capital markets are businesses and government entities, whereas the
usual borrowers in mortgage markets are individuals.
3) Which of the following are true of mortgages?
A) A mortgage is a long-term loan secured by real estate.
B) A borrower pays off a mortgage in a combination of principal and interest payments that
result in full payment of the debt by maturity.
C) Over 80 percent of mortgage loans finance residential home purchases.
D) All of the above are true of mortgages.
E) Only A and B of the above are true of mortgages.
4) Which of the following are true of mortgages?
A) A mortgage is a long-term loan secured by real estate.
B) Borrowers pay off mortgages over time in some combination of principal and interest
payments that result in full payment of the debt by maturity.
C) Less than 65 percent of mortgage loans finance residential home purchases.
D) All of the above are true of mortgages.
E) Only A and B of the above are true of mortgages.
5) Which of the following are true of mortgage interest rates?
A) Interest rates on mortgage loans are determined by three factors: current long–term market
rates, the term of the mortgage, and the number of discount points paid.
B) Mortgage interest rates tend to track along with Treasury bond rates.
C) The interest rate on 15-year mortgages is lower than the rate on 30-year mortgages, all else
the same.
D) All of the above are true.
E) Only A and B of the above are true.
6) Which of the following are true of mortgages?
A) More than 80 percent of mortgage loans finance residential home purchases.
B) The National Banking Act of 1863 rewarded banks that increased mortgage lending.
C) Most mortgages during the 1920s and 1930s were balloon loans.
D) All of the above are true.
E) Only A and C of the above are true.
7) Which of the following is true of mortgage interest rates?
A) Longer-term mortgages have lower interest rates than shorter-term mortgages.
B) Mortgage rates are lower than Treasury bond rates because of the tax deductibility of
mortgage interest rates.
C) In exchange for points, lenders reduce interest rates on mortgage loans.
D) All of the above are true.
E) Only A and B of the above are true.
8) Typically, discount points should not be paid if the borrower will pay off the loan in ________
years or less.
A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
9) Which of the following is true of mortgage interest rates?
A) Longer-term mortgages have higher interest rates than shorter-term mortgages.
B) In exchange for points, lenders reduce interest rates on mortgage loans.
C) Mortgage rates are lower than Treasury bond rates because of the tax deductibility of
mortgage interest payments.
D) All of the above are true.
E) Only A and B of the above are true.
10) Which of the following reduces moral hazard for the mortgage borrower?
A) Collateral
B) Down payments
C) Private mortgage insurance
D) Borrower qualifications
11) Which of the following protects the mortgage lender’s right to sell property if the underlying
loan defaults?
A) A lien
B) A down payment
C) Private mortgage insurance
D) Borrower qualification
E) Amortization
12) Which of the following is true of mortgage interest rates?
A) Mortgage rates are closely tied to Treasury bond rates, but mortgage rates tend to stay below
Treasury rates because mortgages are secured with collateral.
B) Longer-term mortgages have higher interest rates than shorter-term mortgages.
C) Interest rates are higher on mortgage loans on which lenders charge points.
D) All of the above are true.
E) Only A and B of the above are true.
13) During the early years of an amortizing mortgage loan, the lender applies
A) most of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.
B) all of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.
C) most of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.
D) all of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.
E) the monthly payment equally to interest on the loan and the outstanding principal balance.
14) During the last years of an amortizing mortgage loan, the lender applies
A) most of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.
B) all of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.
C) most of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.
D) all of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.
E) the monthly payment equally to interest on the loan and the outstanding principal balance.
15) During the last years of a balloon mortgage loan, the lender applies
A) most of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.
B) all of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.
C) most of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.
D) all of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.
E) the monthly payment equally to interest on the loan and the outstanding principal balance.
16) During the early years of a balloon mortgage loan, the lender applies
A) most of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.
B) all of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.
C) most of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.
D) all of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.
E) the monthly payment equally to interest on the loan and the outstanding principal balance.
17) A borrower who qualifies for an FHA or VA loan enjoys the advantage that
A) the mortgage payment is much lower.
B) only a very low or zero down payment is required.
C) the cost of private mortgage insurance is lower.
D) the government holds the lien on the property.
18) (I) Conventional mortgages are originated by private lending institutions, and FHA or VA
loans are originated by the government. (II) Conventional mortgages are insured by private
companies, and FHA or VA loans are insured by the government.
A) (I) is true, (II) false.
B) (I) is false, (II) true.
C) Both are true.
D) Both are false.
19) Borrowers tend to prefer ________ to ________, whereas lenders prefer ________.
A) fixed-rate loans; ARMs; fixed-rate loans
B) ARMs; fixed-rate loans; fixed-rate loans
C) fixed-rate loans; ARMs; ARMs
D) ARMs; fixed-rate loans; ARMs
20) (I) ARMs offer lower initial rates and the rate may fall during the life of the loan. (II)
Conventional mortgages do not allow a borrower to take advantage of falling interest rates.
A) (I) is true, (II) is false.
B) (I) is false, (II) is true.
C) Both are true.
D) Both are false.
21) Growing-equity mortgages (GEMs)
A) help the borrower pay off the loan in a shorter time.
B) have such low payments in the first few years that the principal balance increases.
C) offer borrowers payments that are initially lower than the payments on a conventional
mortgage.
D) do all of the above.
E) do only A and B of the above.
22) A borrower with a 30-year loan can create a GEM by
A) simply increasing the monthly payments beyond what is required and designating that the
excess be applied entirely to the principal.
B) converting his ARM into a conventional mortgage.
C) converting his conventional mortgage into an ARM.
D) converting his conventional mortgage into a GPM.
23) Which of the following are useful for home buyers who expect their income to rise in the
future?
A) GPMs
B) RAMs
C) GEMs
D) Only A and B are useful.
E) Only A and C are useful.
24) Which of the following are useful for home buyers who expect their income to fall in the
future?
A) GPMs
B) RAMs
C) GEMs
D) Only A and B are useful.
E) Only A and C are useful.
25) Retired people can live on the equity they have in their homes by using a
A) GEM.
B) GPM.
C) SAM.
D) RAM.
26) Second mortgages serve the following purposes:
A) they give borrowers a way to use the equity they have in their homes as security for another
loan.
B) they allow borrowers to get a tax deduction on loans secured by their primary residence or
vacation home.
C) they allow borrowers to convert their conventional mortgages into GEMs.
D) all of the above.
E) only A and B of the above.
27) Which of the following is a disadvantage of a second mortgage compared to credit card debt?
A) The loans are secured by the borrower’s home.
B) The borrower gives up the tax deduction on the primary mortgage.
C) The borrower must pay points to get a second mortgage loan.
D) The borrower will find it more difficult to qualify for a second mortgage loan.
28) The share of the mortgage market held by savings and loans is
A) over 50 percent.
B) approximately 40 percent.
C) approximately 20 percent.
D) less than 5 percent.
29) The share of the mortgage market held by commercial banks is approximately
A) 50 percent.
B) 30 percent.
C) 15 percent.
D) 5 percent.
30) A loan-servicing agent will
A) package the loan for an investor.
B) hold the loan in their investment portfolio.
C) collect payments from the borrower.
D) do both A and C of the above.
E) do both B and C of the above.
31) Distinct elements of a mortgage loan include
A) origination.
B) investment.
C) servicing.
D) all of the above.
E) only B and C of the above.
32) The Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)
A) was set up to buy mortgages from thrifts so that these institutions could make more loans.
B) funds purchases of mortgages by selling bonds to the public.
C) provides insurance for certain mortgage contracts.
D) does all of the above.
E) does only A and B of the above.