75) Job sharing expands jobs by increasing the degree to which the worker controls the planning,
execution, and evaluation of the work.
76) Flextime tends to reduce absenteeism and frequently improves worker productivity.
77) Job rotation allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a-week job.
78) A positive relationship exists between telecommuting and supervisor performance ratings.
79) The two most common forms of participative management are works councils and board
representatives.
80) Almost every country in Western Europe requires companies to practice participative
management, called “the most widely legislated form of employee involvement around the
world.”
81) If one is interested in changing employee attitudes or in improving organizational
performance, representative participation would be a good choice.
82) Research evidence on participative management indicates that it is a sure means for
improving employee performance.
83) Variable-pay compensation pays people based on their seniority.
84) People who sell peanuts at ballparks and keep $.75 for every bag of peanuts they sell are
being paid piece-rate wages.
85) Skill-based pay encourages employees to concentrate on one or two highly desirable skills.
86) Skill-based pay plan is also called merit-based pay plan.
87) A gainsharing pay plan pays for individual performance based on performance appraisal
ratings.
88) Profit sharing is a formula-based group incentive plan that uses improvements in group
productivity from one period to another to determine the total amount of money allocated.
89) An employee in a gainsharing plan can receive incentive awards even if the organization isn’t
profitable.
90) CEOs are less likely to manipulate firm earnings reports to make themselves look good in the
short run when they don’t have an ownership share.
91) Studies generally support the idea that organizations with profit-sharing plans have lower
levels of profitability than those without them.
92) Skill-based pay plan tends to facilitate communication across the organization.
93) Some research suggests nonfinancial incentives may be more motivating in the short term,
but in the long run financial incentives are more motivating.
94) Andrew is a software tester. He runs through the same types of programs day after day
looking for bugs and reporting them. He is taking night classes on programming. Often, he
knows the best solution to many of the bugs, but he is still learning to code. Describe two job
characteristics that Andrew is striving to improve, and explain two ways that Andrew’s manager
can redesign his current job to help him reach his goals.
95) What is job rotation? What are the various advantages and disadvantages of job rotation?
96) What is job enrichment? Describe various methods of job enrichment that are based on the
job characteristics model.
97) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of flextime.
98) What is employee involvement and why is it important? What are the two major forms of
employee involvement?
99) Discuss the relationship between social and physical work context and employee satisfaction.
100) What is representative participation? Discuss its influence on workers.
101) Explain how participative management can enhance skill variety, task identity, and
autonomy as described in the Job Characteristics Model (JCM).
102) List and describe different variable-pay programs. Be sure to include piece-rate plans,
profit-sharing plans, and gainsharing.
103) Evaluate variable-pay programs in terms of their impact on motivation and productivity.
104) Compare and contrast the benefits of intrinsic rewards such as recognition and extrinsic
rewards such as pay as forms of motivation.
105) How are flexible benefits linked with expectancy theory?