47) What would be the predicted result of overpaying a piece-rate worker, according to the
equity theory?
A) quality will improve
B) quantity will increase
C) quality will degrade
D) quantity will decrease
E) the employee will leave the job
48) Historically, equity theory focused on ________ justice.
A) procedural
B) distributive
C) interpersonal
D) organizational
E) interactional
49) Recent research on equity theory focuses on ________ justice.
A) interpersonal
B) distributive
C) organizational
D) procedural
E) interactional
50) Gloria thinks that she is paid less than other workers in her division and feels extremely
resentful. She starts taking long breaks and generally wasting time. Her actions result due to a
perceived ________ injustice.
A) interactive
B) interpersonal
C) procedural
D) distributive
E) associative
51) Jessica does not believe that the methods and processes for determining salary increases in
her company are fair. As per this example, Jessica believes that there is a problem with the firm’s
________ justice.
A) interpersonal
B) distributive
C) associative
D) procedural
E) outcome
52) Which of the following types of justice is most strongly related to organizational
commitment and satisfaction with outcomes such as pay?
A) associative justice
B) interactional justice
C) distributive justice
D) procedural justice
E) integrative justice
53) Which of the following theories discusses three relationships: effort–performance
relationship, performance–reward relationship, and rewards–personal goals relationship?
A) goal-setting theory
B) self-efficacy theory
C) equity theory
D) expectancy theory
E) self-determination theory
54) The expectancy theory proposes that ________.
A) employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore the average person
can learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility
B) achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation
C) the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of our expectation of
a given outcome and its attractiveness
D) extrinsic rewards will reduce intrinsic interest in a task
E) within every human being, there exists a hierarchy of five needs and as each of these needs
becomes substantially satisfied, the next one becomes dominant
55) Helen is an office worker who processes health insurance forms. She has worked at her
present job for three years. Initially she was criticized by her supervisor for sloppy work, but
thereafter improved considerably. Now she consistently processes her forms without errors and
even does more forms than her required quota. However, she has found her supervisor has not
responded to the extra effort she puts in, giving her no praise and no financial reward. Helen is
most likely to perceive that there is a problem in the ________ relationship.
A) rewards-personal goals
B) performance-awareness
C) effort-performance
D) personal goal-self actualization
E) performance-achievement
56) An employee, rightly or wrongly, perceives the boss doesn’t like him. As a result, he expects
to get a poor appraisal, regardless of the level of effort he puts in. Under such circumstances,
according to the expectancy theory, the employee is likely to see the ________ relationship as
weak and demotivating.
A) rewards-personal goals
B) effort-performance
C) performance-reward
D) personal goal-self actualization
E) performance-achievement
57) According to the expectancy theory, the degree to which an individual believes that
performing at a particular level will generate a desired outcome is indicated by the ________
relationship.
A) performance-reward
B) effort-performance
C) rewards-personal goals
D) effort-satisfaction
E) personal goal-self actualization
58) Jamie is looking for a new job. She used to be the top sales representative for the region and
was expecting to be promoted. However, one of the regional manager’s golfing buddies was
promoted to district manager instead. Jamie’s dissatisfaction with her current job stems from a
breakdown in the ________ relationship.
A) performance-reward
B) effort-performance
C) rewards-personal goals
D) effort-satisfaction
E) personal goal-self actualization
59) According to the expectancy theory, which of the following relationships indicates the
degree to which the individual believes that a particular level of output will lead to the attainment
of a desired outcome?
A) performance-reward
B) effort-performance
C) rewards-personal goals
D) effort-satisfaction
E) performance-achievement
60) Jill is an excellent technical writer. She has never missed a deadline and all her projects are
of superior quality. She now wants to telecommute two days a week, so that she can spend more
time with her family. She feels that she has proven her reliability. However, her boss is unable to
comply with her request and gives her a substantial raise instead. Jill’s disappointment
demonstrates a breakdown in the ________ relationship.
A) performance-reward
B) effort-performance
C) rewards-personal goals
D) effort-satisfaction
E) performance-achievement
61) With reference to the expectancy theory, when pay is based on factors other than
performance such as seniority, the ________ relationship tends to be weak.
A) effort-satisfaction
B) performance-reward
C) effort-performance
D) personal goal-self actualization
E) performance-achievement
62) With reference to the expectancy theory, which of the following examples indicates a weak
rewards-personal goals relationship?
A) The employee lacks the skill required for the desired performance level.
B) The organization’s appraisal system assesses nonperformance factors such as creativity and
initiative.
C) The organizational rewards are based on seniority.
D) The employee expects a poor appraisal as he believes that his manager does not like him.
E) The employee wants to be relocated to the Paris office but instead is transferred to Singapore.
63) If a manager incorrectly assumes that all employees want the same thing then according to
the expectancy theory, it is most likely to result in a weak ________ relationship.
A) performance-achievement
B) effort-performance
C) performance-reward
D) rewards-personal goals
E) effort-satisfaction
64) If we consider Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in the context of Japan, Greece, and Mexico,
where uncertainty-avoidance characteristics are strong, then ________ needs would be on top of
the hierarchy.
A) self-actualization
B) security
C) social
D) esteem
E) growth
65) According to Maslow’s hierarchy, Mary is likely to focus on satisfying ________ needs.
A) social
B) esteem
C) physiological
D) self-actualization
E) growth
66) Jane is likely to focus on which of the following levels of needs?
A) esteem
B) growth
C) physiological
D) self-actualization
E) safety
67) Which of the following do you think would motivate Jonathan the most?
A) more vacation time
B) more responsibility
C) greater career growth
D) more money
E) a greater sense of inner peace
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Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
You manage a department of five employees. You have identified that Joe has high need for
achievement, Mary has high need for power, and Tim has high need for affiliation. Sarah scored
high on the need for power and low on the need for affiliation. Doug scores low on both need for
power and need for affiliation.
68) Which of these five employees is most likely to be suitable for a new assignment that
involves a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback?
A) Joe
B) Mary
C) Tim
D) Sarah
E) Doug
69) Which of these five employees would be best suited as a mentor to new employees with a
chance to develop friendships?
A) Joe
B) Mary
C) Tim
D) Sarah
E) Doug
70) Which of these five employees is most suitable for taking on your responsibilities when you
are on a vacation?
A) Joe
B) Mary
C) Tim
D) Sarah
E) Doug
71) Which of the following theories best describes such a situation?
A) equity theory
B) two-factor theory
C) goal-setting theory
D) theory of needs
E) self-determination theory