66) Why should managers be interested in their employees’ attitudes?
A) They result from behavior.
B) They cause problems.
C) They give warnings of potential problems.
D) They are generally low.
E) They result in cognitive dissonance.
67) Higher levels of job satisfaction have been reported in the United States and western Europe.
This may be because ________.
A) individuals in western cultures need to work
B) individuals in western cultures emphasize positive emotions
C) there is more industrialization in western cultures
D) individuals in western cultures are more self-critical and geared toward continuous
improvement
E) these are collectivist societies that do not focus on individual happiness
68) Which of the following statements is not true about attitudes in the workplace?
A) Changing employee attitudes is necessary if you are to manage dissonance.
B) High pay alone is not likely to create a satisfying workplace.
C) Generating positive job attitudes helps lower absenteeism and turnover.
D) Attitudes help determine how well employees perform on the job.
E) Attitudes give warnings of potential problems.
69) The most important thing a manager can do to raise employee satisfaction is to focus on
________.
A) employee pay
B) benefits
C) work hours
D) intrinsic parts of the job
E) employee productivity
70) A satisfied workforce does not guarantee successful organizational performance. In order to
improve organizational effectiveness, managers ________.
A) must formulate strategies to attack and eliminate deviant behaviors
B) must keep track of absenteeism and turnover among the employees
C) must make jobs easier and targets achievable
D) must offer periodic salary increments
E) must try to improve employee attitudes
71) Attitudes are evaluative statements.
72) There are three components of an attitude: cognition, affect, and behavior.
73) The intent to act in a certain way is the affective component of an attitude.
74) According to Festinger, people seek consistency among their attitudes and their behaviors.
75) Rewards can offset dissonance.
76) The more specific the attitude and the more specific the behavior, the stronger the link
between the two.
77) A person with a high level of job satisfaction holds positive attitudes toward the job.
78) Job involvement refers to an individual’s general attitude toward his or her job.
79) Organizational commitment is a more global response to the organization than is job
satisfaction.
80) Summing up responses to a number of job factors achieves a more accurate evaluation of job
satisfaction than does a single global rating.
81) Research suggests that people are, on average, satisfied with their pay and with promotion
opportunities.
82) Voice is an active and constructive response to dissatisfaction.
83) Actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions is part of the loyalty response
to dissatisfaction.
84) Neglect is an active and destructive response to dissatisfaction.
85) The evidence indicates that satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and loyalty.
86) Evidence suggests that employees in Eastern cultures have higher levels of job satisfaction
than those in Western cultures.
87) Creating a satisfied workforce guarantees successful organizational performance.
88) Discuss cognitive dissonance theory. How do individuals seek consistency among their
attitudes, and between their attitudes and their behavior?
89) James is a scientist for a local manufacturer that employs a large percentage of the small
town where he lives. Until recently James has loved his job. However, it has been discovered
that the company is releasing small amounts of toxins into the local river. James is extremely
bothered by this information. Based on what you know about James, describe the cognitive
dissonance that he is experiencing, and two ways that James might alter his behavior or attitude
to reduce the dissonance.
90) Most of the research in OB has been concerned with three attitudes: job satisfaction, job
involvement, and organizational commitment. Explain the difference between these attitudes.
91) Clara is a clerk at a retail outlet. She earns $35,000 a year. She is allowed to work her
schedule around her daughter’s school athletic events, and because she has seniority over the
other clerks, rarely has to work holidays.
Jeff is a new designer for an engineering firm. He earns $75,000 a year. He must be at the office
Monday through Friday from 8:00 to 5:00. His wife attends all their children’s school events. His
job is stressful, and if a project is due, he often works weekends and sometimes holidays,
although from home.
How would you compare Clara and Jeff’s levels of job satisfaction? Describe how you would
measure their satisfaction and name at least three major job attitudes that play a part in each of
their satisfaction levels.
92) Patrice has just been passed up for a promotion and is still earning less that $40,000 a year.
He is experiencing a very low level of job satisfaction. Describe two active responses that Patrice
might take due to his dissatisfaction. Design a plan that Patrice’s immediate supervisor can use to
diffuse the situation and keep Patrice on board with the company.
93) Elisa is upset with her supervisor because she was denied her requested vacation days, which
were given to another worker. She is experiencing a very low level of job satisfaction, but cannot
afford to quit her job. Describe three negative, passive responses that Elisa might take due to her
dissatisfaction. Imagine that her manager actively catches her in a manifestation of workplace
deviance. Predict the outcome of Elisa’s behavior.
94) List and explain the four ways employees can express job dissatisfaction.
95) Discuss how job satisfaction can impact employee productivity, absenteeism, and turnover.
96) How can the gaps between what managers think employees feel and what employees really
feel be reduced?
A) conducting regular surveys
B) enforcing administrative policies
C) improving work place conditions
D) providing incentives
E) training employees
97) Which of the following employees does not exhibit deviant behavior in the workplace?
A) Samuel quits his job because his manager never appreciates his efforts.
B) Joanna, an HR executive, uses work time to surf articles on the latest fashion trends.
C) Wilson takes work supplies like pens and paper clips home for personal use.
D) Lily does not show up for work for more than 3 days a week.
E) Cara wraps up her work early to attend her daughter’s ballet recital.
98) What kind of relationship exists between organizational commitment and job productivity?
A) an inverse relationship
B) an independent relationship
C) a weak relationship
D) a positive relationship
E) a negative relationship
99) The cognitive and behavioral components of attitude are inseparable.
100) Commitment and performance are strongest for more experienced employees, and
considerably weaker for new employees.
101) Discrepancies between attitudes and behavior tend to occur when social pressures to behave
in certain ways hold exceptional power.
102) Employee engagement is the same as job satisfaction and job involvement.
103) Describe how attitude can shape behavior.
104) Explain the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance.
105) Discuss why employees who are committed will be less likely to engage in work
withdrawal even if they are dissatisfied.