73) Differences in characteristics like education, financial status, ethnicity, regional background,
and gender constitute surface-level diversity.
74) Effective diversity management means working to eliminate diversity from organizational
culture.
75) All forms of unfair discrimination can be observed and rooted out in an organizational setup.
76) Usually when we talk about discrimination, we mean allowing our behavior to be influenced
by individuals’ behavior.
77) Age, gender, race, disability, and length of service are surface-level characteristics.
78) Most studies show a direct relationship between older workers and absenteeism.
79) Research findings show that women are less likely to turn over than men.
80) Whites have higher turnover rates than African Americans and Hispanics.
81) With the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990, the presence of
individuals with disabilities in the United States workforce has rapidly decreased.
82) United States federal law does not allow any exceptions to allow employers to discriminate
against employees based on their religion.
83) The research relating tenure to absence is quite straightforward. Studies consistently show
seniority to be positively related to absenteeism.
84) Federal law does not prohibit discrimination against employees based on sexual orientation,
though many states and municipalities do.
85) Overall abilities are essentially made up of two sets of factors: intellectual and psychological.
86) Testing firms claim that their tests assess intelligence and experts disagree with this claim.
87) With the changing nature of work suggesting the increasing importance of intellectual
abilities for many jobs, the value of physical abilities is reducing.
88) Extent flexibility and dynamic flexibility are dimensions of intellectual abilities.
89) Diversity in a group is always helpful to achieve organizational goals.
90) Organizations that provided diversity training were more likely to have women and
minorities in upper management positions when compared with organizations that did not
provide diversity training.
91) Describe the characteristics of the United States workforce. Summarize the two major forms
of workforce diversity.
92) Explain and provide a workplace example of how stereotypes function in an organizational
setting.
93) Discuss discrimination and paraphrase with an example how its types can affect
organizational behavior.
94) List the key biological characteristics in which employees differ and explain any two
characteristics’ effect on organizational behavior in the United States.
42
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Tenure: Extensive reviews have been conducted of the seniority–productivity relationship. If
seniority is defined as time on a particular job, the most recent evidence demonstrates a positive
relationship between seniority and job productivity. So tenure, expressed as work experience,
appears to be a good predictor of employee productivity. Tenure is also a potent variable in
explaining turnover. The longer a person is in a job, the less likely she is to quit. Moreover,
consistent with research suggesting past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior,
evidence indicates tenure at an employee’s previous job is a powerful predictor of that
employee’s future turnover. Evidence indicates tenure and job satisfaction are positively related.
In fact, when age and tenure are treated separately, tenure appears a more consistent and stable
predictor of job satisfaction than age.
Diff: 3
AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
Objective: Characteristics of an Organizational Culture
Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional
LO: 3
95) Explain how the biological characteristics of religion, sexual orientation, and gender identity
affect organizational behavior in the United States.
96) Discuss Intellectual abilities. List and describe the seven dimensions that make up
intellectual abilities.
97) Discuss how intellectual abilities are relevant to organizational behavior.
98) List and describe the physical abilities needed in the performance of physical tasks.
99) Discuss whether diversity helps or hinders a group.
100) Discuss the components of an effective diversity program.