46) Which of the following is not a reason why organic structures promote innovation?
A) high formalization
B) low vertical differentiation
C) high flexibility
D) low centralization
E) cross-fertilization
47) Which of the following statements is true regarding innovative organization?
A) Organic structures negatively influence innovation.
B) Interunit communication is low in innovative organizations.
C) Short tenure in management is associated with innovation.
D) Innovation is nurtured when there is an abundance of resources.
E) Innovative organizations reward both successes and failures.
48) Alex has a new idea for a way to cut costs in his department, but he is not willing to share his
idea with his boss because the last department head that tried new cost cutting methods was
recently fired because the new methods could not achieve expected results. Based on the
example, how can Alex’s company improve the culture to create innovation?
A) flatten the organizational structure
B) reward both successes and failures
C) increase the resources in Alex’s department
D) encourage communication between various departments
E) conduct team building activities
49) Darg’s team just had a research breakthrough. They’ll need several thousands of dollars to
complete the project. Darg has called a series of meetings in which he’s promoting the
significance of the new discovery, explaining the economic benefits that will result from the final
project, and answering questions. Darg is a(n) ________ within his company.
A) change agent
B) arbitrator
C) manipulator
D) idea champion
E) stress creator
50) Which of the following has been the most studied potential source of innovation?
A) psychological factors
B) structural variables
C) human resource factors
D) cultural variables
E) financial factors
51) ________ is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity,
demand, or resource related to what the individual desires and for which the outcome is
perceived to be both uncertain and important.
A) Change
B) Stress
C) Innovation
D) Stimulation
E) Creativity
52) Which of the following is not an example of a hindrance stressor?
A) red tape
B) office politics
C) role ambiguity
D) time urgency
E) job confusion
53) Which of the following stressors is likely to produce less strain than the other stressors?
A) red tape
B) office politics
C) confusion over job responsibilities
D) role ambiguity
E) pressure to complete tasks
54) Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of stress?
A) Challenge stressors tend to produce more strain than hindrance stressors.
B) When challenge stress increases, those with high levels of organizational support have higher
role-based performance.
C) Hindrance stress improves job performance in a supportive work environment.
D) Employees who have a stronger affective commitment to their organization perform worse
under stress as compared to those who have low levels of commitment.
E) Challenge stress reduces job performance in all work environments.
55) Which of the following types of jobs is least likely to create stress and reduce satisfaction?
A) jobs that make multiple and conflicting demands
B) jobs that provide a high level of feedback
C) jobs that lack clarity about the incumbent’s duties
D) jobs that provide the incumbents less control over the pace of their work
E) jobs that provide a low level of variety
56) Jill is overwhelmed with the new tasks that she has been assigned after the department
merger. Every day, she arrives at work and makes a list of the new tasks, writes a number next to
each one according to the urgency of completion, and schedules a time to complete each one.
Although she’s still stressed, Jill is able to get most of the work done and feels better at the end of
the day. Jill is using ________ techniques to reduce her stress.
A) job enrichment
B) goal setting
C) relaxation
D) time-management
E) job enlargement
57) Paul is stressed with the new corporate reorganization. He now reports to a foreign office
that has usurped many of his responsibilities, including the contract labor for his projects,
therefore he’s working with less qualified and new contractors with whom he doesn’t have a
relationship. However, the managers of the other departments find themselves in the same boat
and every day they are able to laugh over lunch about their new managerial impotence.
________ is helping Paul handle his stress.
A) Emotional contagion
B) Cognitive dissonance
C) Social support
D) Time management
E) Self-efficacy
58) Which of the following statements is true regarding stress?
A) Employees with external locus of control tend to be less prone to stress.
B) Training tends to decrease job stress.
C) Highly experienced employees tend to be more prone to stress.
D) Employees who are highly committed to their goals experience more stress.
E) Goal feedback tends to increase stress.
59) Which of the following statements is true regarding effects of culture on change effects?
A) People in high power distance cultures prefer champions to work closely with those in
authority to approve innovative activities before work is begun.
B) In cultures in which people believe that they can dominate their environment, individuals will
tend to take a passive approach toward change.
C) As compared to people from the United States, people from China are more likely to seek
change programs that promise fast results.
D) People in the United States are more resistant to change efforts than their Italian counterparts.
E) People in the United States tend to see themselves as subjugated to their environment and thus
will tend to take a passive approach toward change.
60) Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of culture on stress?
A) The job conditions that lead to stress remain the same across countries.
B) Stress is equally bad for employees of all cultures.
C) Individuals from individualistic countries experienced lower levels of stress due to work
interfering with family than did individuals from collectivist countries.
D) Personality effects on stress are different across cultures.
E) Individuals from individualistic countries experience lower levels of stress due to work
interfering with family than do individuals from collectivist countries.
28
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Your company, Johnson Farm Products, has decided to expand its traditional business serving
farm owners in order to include home gardeners in its customer base. This change is not met with
enthusiasm by the sales personnel who have had good long-term relationships with area farmers.
You know that the change will be difficult if you cannot overcome the resistance of the sales
personnel and obtain their cooperation.
61) You have brought in the local extension agent to explain demographics and the changing
nature of the area in which you live. The method for overcoming resistance that you have chosen
is ________.
A) education and communication
B) participation
C) negotiation
D) manipulation and cooptation
E) coercion
62) You have decided to involve the sales personnel in planning for the change and in stocking
appropriate new items to sell to gardeners. The method for overcoming resistance that you have
chosen is ________.
A) education and communication
B) participation
C) negotiation
D) manipulation and cooptation
E) coercion
63) You have threatened to eliminate positions and even to close down the company if your
employees don’t change their attitudes. The method for overcoming resistance that you have
chosen is ________.
A) education and communication
B) participation
C) negotiation
D) coercion
E) cooptation
64) Companies with dominant market share are less susceptible to the forces of change than
smaller businesses.
65) Inability to change in accordance with the market trends can cause organizations to go
bankrupt.
66) Rapid innovation and technological developments have forced companies to broaden their
view of competition.
67) Organizations and their members tend to resist change.
68) Cooptation is a form of both manipulation and participation.
69) People are more willing to accept changes if they trust the managers implementing them.
70) Companies with strong cultures excel at implementing radical change.
71) Research on organizational change has shown that, to be effective, change should take place
as slowly as possible.
72) During the “discovery” step of appreciative inquiry, participants write action plans and
develop implementation strategies.
73) Long tenure in management is associated with innovation.
74) In innovative organizations, interunit communication tends to be low.
75) Innovation is nurtured where there are slack resources.
76) Research evidence indicates that hindrance stress improves job performance in a supportive
work environment, whereas challenge stress reduces job performance in all work environments.
77) Office politics is an example of a challenge stressor.
78) The less control people have over the pace of their work, the greater the stress and
dissatisfaction.
79) Individuals with internal locus of control tend to be more prone to stress.
80) What are the various ways in which employees express resistance to change?
81) What are the various forces that make it necessary for the organizations to change?