CHAPTER 2 SAMPLE QUIZ QUESTIONS
2.1. For the year a firm with 30 employees has two injuries, one of which involved
lost workdays, and four illnesses, all of which involved lost workdays. Calculate
the LWDI.
2.2. Calculate the LWDI for a firm that has 40 employees and for the year has had 12
work-related injury cases, each involving one or more lost workdays?
a. 12
c. 16.5
d. indeterminate from the data supplied.
ref. p. 20-24
2.3. Calculate the LWDI for a firm that has 15 employees and for the year has had 11
work-related injury cases, each of which involved one or more lost workdays?
b. 36.5
c. 8.6
d. indeterminate from the data supplied.
ref. p. 20-24
2.4. A 65-employee firm has the following injury and illness record for the year:
Case 1 – Work-related injury; no workdays lost
Case 2 – Work-related illness; 5 days away from work
Case 3 – Work-related injury; one workday away from work; nine more
days in restricted work activity
Case 4 – Injury; able to stay at work, but for two weeks employee was
unable to do regular job and was assigned to another one.
Case 5 – Illness; not work-related
a. Calculate the LWDI.
b. Calculate the total injury/illness incidence rate.
c. Calculate the number-of-lost-workdays rate.
2.5. The standard OSHA total injury/illness rate is scaled for:
a. 1,000,000 work-hours
b. a 50-employee firm for one year
d. a 500-employee firm for one year
ref. p. 21
2.6. Comment on the advantages and disadvantages of forming committees to
identify hazards and make suggestions for resolution of these hazards.
2.7. On February 1, a firm posts its annual OSHA 300A Summary for the previous
year as shown below.
For purposes of this exercise, assume that both of the illnesses (listed in M(5)) were in
the category of lost workdays (Category H – cases with days away from work).
Calculate:
(a) LWDI:
(b) Illness incidence rate:
(c) Fatality-incidence rate:
(d) Number-of-lost-workdays rate:
2.8. The text describes a type of analysis that is said to be the “single most effective
method of training workers to avoid injury and illness.” Name this analysis and
describe its advantages and its primary disadvantage.
2.9. Place an entry in the attached OSHA 300 Log for the following Case File. If the
case file is not recordable write “Not recordable” on the line.
Case File 11--Tenosynovitis victim undergoes carpal tunnel surgery. The
employee is away from work all day Tuesday, May 6, and returns to work Friday
morning, May 9, at the regular time for her shift. However, due to the surgery she
is given an alternate job beginning on the Friday that she returns to work, and
she stays on that alternate job until Monday morning, June 2, when she returns
to her regular job.
2.10. Examine the OSHA 300 Log and construct the OSHA 300a Summary of Work-
Related Injuries and Illnesses on the form provided. Assume that this firm has
200 employees and all employees worked for the entire year. Calculate the
LWDI.
2.11 What method of training is considered most effective?
2.12. Describe the fatality case study presented in the text in which the fatality would
have been easily prevented by accident cause analysis of a previous near-
fatality which occurred only a week earlier.
2.13. What is the principal disadvantage of accident cause analysis?
2.14. What specific OSHA reform concept was introduced into Congress in the early
1990’s?
2.15. Briefly summarize the findings of the 1993 NSC study regarding a specific issue
of OSHA reform.
2.16. Recent estimates by the National Safety Council place the annual cost of U.S.
occupational injuries alone at approximately
a. 154 million
b. 5.5 billion
d. 1.2 trillion
ref. p. 36
2.17. What organization estimates the annual costs of occupational injuries on a
national basis, and what are recent estimates of this figure.
2.18. Studies by Simonds and Grimaldi and Imre estimate hidden costs of accidents
by dividing cases into four categories. Name these categories of hidden costs:
2.19. What is the National Safety Council estimate of the average total cost of a
worker fatality?
2.20. Workers Compensation premiums are a significant portion of the hidden costs of
accidents.
2.21. Workers Compensation premiums have grown in recent years to become a more
significant percentage of total payroll.
2.22. Despite significantly higher premium rates for Workers’ Compensation insurance
in recent years, these costs are still considered as the “tip of the iceberg” when
considering the total costs of accidents.
2.23. The hidden costs of accidents are considered the “tip of the iceberg” when
compared to the rising levels of Workers’ Compensation costs.
2.24. Due to recent significant increases, Workers’ Compensation costs have been
found to exceed the hidden costs of accidents.
2.25. Which of the following cost categories is referred to in the text as the “tip of the
iceberg?”
b. Hidden costs of accidents
c. OSHA fines
d. Cost of compliance with OSHA standards
ref. p. 36
2.26. Which of the following costs are covered by Workers Compensation insurance?
a. Cost of wages paid supervisors for time required for activities
necessitated by the accident.
b. Overtime wages for the time needed to make up lost production.
c. Wage cost caused by decreased output of injured worker after return to
work.
d. All of the above
ref. p. 36-38
2.27. What two facets of a drug or alcohol abuse program are suggested by the text?
2. Employee assistance programs
ref. p. 41
2.28. What 1990 law protects disabled persons from job discrimination?
2.29. Name the two infectious viruses that are the target of OSHA’s Bloodborne
Pathogens standard.
2.30. The primary at-risk occupations for bloodborne pathogens are the health care
professions.
2.31. OSHA limits its enforcement of the Bloodborne Pathogens standard to the health
care professions.
2.32. Explain the circumstances under which OSHA prohibits the handling of contact
lenses, and explain why.
2.33. Under what circumstances does OSHA require the employer to have a written
exposure control plan for bloodborne pathogens?
a. Only in hospitals and health care facilities.
b. Only in establishments that have 10 or more employees who may be
exposed.
c. Only in establishments that have 1 or more employees who may
be
exposed.
2.34. Dealing with “sharps” is a principal consideration in which of the OSHA
standards?
2.35. Describe the circumstances under which an employer should be concerned with
the development of a written exposure control plan for bloodborne pathogens.
2.36. Which of the following is the principal question to be asked to determine whether
a firm is covered by OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens standard?
a. Does the firm have 10 or more employees?
b. Is the firm a hospital, clinic, or other healthcare facility?
c. Does the facility deal with “sharps,” such as needles or broken glass?
2.37. The Workers’ Compensation premium rates, as a percent of payroll, are greater
for roofing workers than for department store workers, as might be expected.
The ratio of these percentages is approximately
a. two to one
b. three to one
d. 100 to one
ref. p. 36
2.38. What is the principal hazard from improper disposal of “sharps” in the
workplace?
2.39. Which of the following statements describes the status of the control of smoking
in the workplace?
a. OSHA has issued a final standard entitled “Indoor Air Quality“ that addresses
smoking and other air quality hazards in the workplace.
b. Smoking in the workplace comes under the jurisdiction of the EPA, not OSHA
has not promulgated a standard addressing smoking in the workplace.
d. Congress exempted smoking in the workplace in the drafting of OSHA’s
2.40. Explain the concept of “experience modifier” as used in the context of this course.
Exactly what is modified? Give an example of a “good” and a “bad” experience
modifier. Finally, illustrate the application of the experience modifier in a fictitious
numerical example.
2.41. The standard insurance premium for a firm in a particular industry is $760,000
per year, based upon its type of industry and number of employees. However, the firm
has an “experience modifier” of 0.95. Calculate the adjusted insurance premium for this
firm.
2.42. What size firm are the OSHA recordkeeping incidence rates scaled to represent?
Explain.
2.43. A firm is exempt from OSHA recordkeeping requirements only if:
a. It has been notified by the BLS that it is exempt.
b. It has 10 or fewer employees AND it has been told by BLS that it is exempt.
not exempt.
d. Never. OSHA recordkeeping is required for ALL firms.
ref. p. 33
2.44 What is the main premise of worker’s compensation?
2.45 Where did worker’s compensation first come about?
a. United States
b. Canada
d. Great Britain
ref. p. 15
2.46 What is the unit of measure for worker’s compensation?
2.47 There has been experimentation in privatization of state worker’s compensation
programs. Which state was the first to privatize?
2.48 Which of the following are included in Total Recordable Cases (TRC)?
a. Injuries
b. Illnesses
c. Fatalities
d. Ergonomic Injuries
ref. p. 22
2.49 The Days Away From Work Injury and Illness Case Rate (DAFWII) does not
include fatalities.
2.50 DART is a measure of the number of cases involving days away from work after
an injury.
2.51 Which metric does OSHA most often use to determine which high hazard
industries to prioritize for inspections?
2.52 The Standard Industrial Classification is being replaced by the North American
Industry Classification System.
2.53 What are the four metrics that are in use to set inspection priorities?
2.54 Hearing loss is not considered a recordable injury by OSHA.
2.55 What level of hearing loss is considered a recordable injury by OSHA?
2.56 Needle sticks are not required to be recorded on the OSHA Form 300 log.
2.4. A 82-employee firm has the following injury and illness record for the year:
Case 1 – Work-related injury; transferred to another job for 10 days
Case 2 – Work-related illness; 3 days away from work
Case 3 – Work-related injury; one workday away from work; nine more
days in restricted work activity
Case 4 – Injury; able to stay at work, but for two weeks employee was
unable to do regular job and was assigned to another one.
Case 5 – Illness; not work-related
a. Calculate the DAFWII.
b. Calculate the DART.