Chapter 2
Models of Organizational Behavior
1. The philosophy of organizational behavior held by a manager stems from fact premises and
value premises.
2. Value premises represent our descriptive view of how the world behaves.
3. Fact premises are acquired only through direct lifelong learning.
4. A mission statement must be converted into goals to become operational and useful.
5. Philosophy feeds into value premises, which help shape vision.
6. Supportive organizational behavior systems are characterized by power over people.
7. Theory X is a traditional set of assumptions about people.
8. Under Theory Y assumptions, management’s role is to provide an environment in which the
potential of people can be released.
9. Underlying paradigms, whether consciously or unconsciously developed, become powerful
guides to managerial behavior.
10. The autocratic model was intensely disliked by many employees, and still is.
11. If an organization does not have the wealth to provide pensions and pay for other benefits, it
cannot follow a custodial approach.
12. Contentment is typically a strong motivator.
13. The most evident flaw with the custodial model is that most employees are not producing
anywhere near their capacities.
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Page: 38
Difficulty: Medium
14. Supportive behavior is not dependent on the economic resources of the company.
15. The supportive model of organizational behavior is especially effective in affluent nations.
16. The collegial model embodies a team concept.
17. With the collegial model, managers are seen as joint contributors rather than as bosses.
18. The system model is the result of a search for increased security at work by many of today’s
employees.
19. The system model can stimulate passion and commitment to organizational goals in
employees.
20. The supportive model is an effort to meet employees’ other needs, such as affiliation and
esteem, which the custodial model is unable to serve.
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Ans: True
Page: 44
Difficulty: Medium
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The _____ of organizational behavior held by management consists of an integrated set of
assumptions and beliefs about the way things are, the purpose for these activities, and the way
they should be.
A) goal
B) philosophy
C) mission
D) vision
2. _____ represent our view of the desirability of certain goals and activities.
A) Visions
B) Value premises
C) Goals
D) Social artifacts
3. Outcomes, or end results, are typically measured in all of the following criteria EXCEPT:
A) performance.
B) procedures.
C) employee satisfaction.
D) personal growth and development.
4. Harriet recently ordered a phone online. When she received the phone, she realized that most
of the features on the phone were so complex that she could not understand how to use them.
Every time she tried using it, she got frustrated and finally decided to dispose of the phone.
Which of the following concepts is being illustrated in this scenario?
A) Fact premises
B) Value premises
C) Learning premises
D) None of the above
5. Although Jimmy Hendrix prized his Fender Stratocaster guitars, he routinely set the
instrument on fire as part of his onstage act. Therefore, his actions are based on _____.
A) fact premises
B) value premises
C) learning premises
D) none of the above
6. Organizations create _____ that identify the business they are in, the market niches they try to
serve, the types of customers they are likely to have, and the reasons for their existence.
A) mission statements
B) visions
C) value premises
D) all of the above
7. _____ are relatively concrete formulations of achievements the organization is aiming for
within set periods of time.
A) Visions
B) Missions
C) Goals
D) Value premises
8. Goals may exist at the _____ level.
A) individual
B) group
C) organizational
D) all of the above
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Page: 32
Difficulty: Easy
9. Which of the following statements is true of goals?
A) Top management’s goals must be merged with those of employees, who bring their
psychological, social, and economic needs with them to an organization.
B) Goal setting is a relatively easy process.
C) Goals identify the business an organization is involved in, the market niches it tries to serve,
the types of customers it is likely to have, and the reasons for its existence.
D) In contrast to visions, goals are less descriptive and more future-oriented.
10. Alpha Technotronics Inc. wants to be the world’s largest distributor of widgets by being a
highly client-oriented firm. It aims to offer the most outstanding customer service and ensure
timely deliveries. This statement is an example of a _____.
A) goal
B) code of conduct
C) vision
D) philosophy
11. Managers are expected to use _____ to create an appropriate quality of work life for their
employees.
A) communication skills
B) their knowledge of interpersonal dynamics
C) their knowledge of group dynamics
D) all of the above
12. Which of the following statements is an assumption pertaining to Theory X?
A) Workers are seen as being inclined to restrict work output, having little ambition, and
avoiding responsibility if at all possible.
B) Management believes that employees are capable of exercising self-direction and self-control
in the service of objectives to which they are committed.
C) Work is as natural as play or rest.
D) People are not inherently lazy.
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Ans: A
Page: 33
Difficulty: Medium
13. Which of the following statements supports McGregor’s arguments on management?
A) The assumptions of Theory X are more truly representative of most people.
B) Nearly all employees have some potential for growth in their capabilities.
C) Management adhered to the Theory Y set of assumptions.
D) Management should avoid following assumptions about people based on the emerging
behavioral science research.
14. _____ forms the basis of the collegial model of organizational behavior.
A) Power
B) Authority
C) Partnership
D) Trust and community
15. Employees are oriented toward _____ in the autocratic model of organizational behavior.
A) obedience
B) benefits
C) security
D) psychological ownership
16. The _____ was the model of organizational behavior that prevailed during the industrial
revolution.
A) collegial model
B) autocratic model
C) custodial model
D) supportive model
17. The _____ view of management leads to tight control of employees at work.
A) autocratic
B) collegial
C) custodial
D) supportive
18. The autocratic model depends on _____.
A) power
B) partnership
C) community
D) trust
19. A feeling of contentment among employees in a custodial environment leads to _____.
A) low morale
B) passion and commitment
C) strong motivation
D) passive cooperation
20. A successful custodial approach depends on _____.
A) partnership
B) economic resources
C) power
D) trust and meaning
21. The custodial approach to organizational behavior leads to:
A) a feeling of participation and task involvement in the organization.
B) inculcation of self-discipline.
C) increased self-motivation.
D) employee dependence on the organization for security.
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Ans: D
Page: 38
Difficulty: Medium
22. Which of the following statements represents a flaw in the custodial approach to
organizational behavior?
A) It encourages high-level managers to engage in micromanagement.
B) It results in the employees becoming dependent on their bosses.
C) Most employees seldom produce anywhere near their capacities.
D) The model is based on power.
23. The _____ is the approach to organizational behavior that depends on leadership.
A) supportive model
B) custodial model
C) collegial model
D) autocratic model
24. Which of the following is the psychological result of the supportive model of organizational
behavior?
A) Moderate enthusiasm
B) Passive cooperation
C) Participation and task involvement
D) Employee dependence on the organization
25. The collegial model tends to be more useful with _____.
A) creative work
B) an intellectual environment
C) considerable job freedom
D) all of the above
26. The collegial model depends on management’s building a feeling of _____ with employees.
A) dependence
B) partnership
C) leadership
D) all of the above
27. In the collegial model, the managerial orientation is toward _____.
A) money
B) authority
C) benefits
D) teamwork
28. The psychological result of the collegial approach for the employee is _____.
A) participation
B) self-motivation
C) self-discipline
D) subsistence
29. In the system model, employees experience a sense of _____ for the organization and its
products or services—a feeling of possessiveness, responsibility, identity, and sense of
belongingness.
A) empathy
B) self-actualization
C) passive cooperation
D) psychological ownership
30. Which of the following conclusions about the models of organizational behavior states that
appropriate uses exist for other models even though one model may be most used at any given
time?
A) Increasing use of some models
B) Evolving usage
C) Contingent use of all models
D) Relation of models to human needs
1. What are the components of a mission statement?
2. Explain briefly the assumptions of McGregor’s Theory X.
3. Explain the role of managerial paradigms according to Joel Barker.
4. Explain McGregor’s contributions toward managerial models.
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Third, he introduced and publicized one of the early theories of motivation—the hierarchy of
needs model by A. H. Maslow. Finally, he became a spokesman for a trend that had been
developing over a long period of time—the need to bring human values into balance with other
values at work.
Page: 34
Difficulty: Medium
5. List the basis of each of the five models of organizational behavior.
6. Explain briefly the characteristics of the autocratic model.
7. How does the custodial model impact employees?
8. Describe briefly the psychological result of the collegial approach for employees.
9. List the five dimensions of social intelligence.
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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Ans: The five dimensions of social intelligence are:
• Empathy
• Presence
• Situational radar
• Clarity
• Authenticity
Page: 42
Difficulty: Easy
10. One of the conclusions that can be made about the models of organizational behavior is that,
though one model may be most used at any given time, some appropriate uses will remain for
other models. What are some of the appropriate uses for these other models?