What is the term used to describe the reduction in frequency of a youth’s offending?
a. Period of intellectual growth
b. Maturation cycle
c. Learning curve
d. Aging-out process
In the text, it is reported that the latest data available show an estimated 12.4 million
arrests were made in 2011. Your assignment is to research trends in juvenile arrests and
how juvenile arrests are reflected (i.e., higher, lower) in the overall crime rate.While
increases and decreases in juvenile crime have been reported, you find that recent
trends in juvenile crime
a. Exceed the general crime rate
b. Are lower than the general crime rate
c. Reflect the general crime rate
d. This information was not provided
The hearing held in juvenile court to determine the merits of the petition claiming that a
child is either a delinquent youth or in need of court supervision is referred to as _____.
a. adjudication
b. disposition
c. transfer
d. review
Research shows that there is little relationship between the delinquency of a sibling and
the probable delinquency of the other siblings.
a. True
b. False
_____ pairs one probation officer with two police officers to make surprise visits to the
homes, schools, and worksites of high-risk youth probationers during the nontraditional
hours of 7 PM to midnight.
a. Operation Ceasefire
b. Operation Peacekeeper
c. Operation Night Light
d. Operation S.A.V.E.
The typical female is as likely to kill a family member as an acquaintance and is more
likely to use a knife.
a. True
b. False
Disjunction between expectations and achievements occurs when youths aspire to
wealth and fame but lack the financial and educational resources to achieve their goals.
a. True
b. False
The least restrictive alternative in deciding incarceration options for status offenders is
defined as
a. a program with the highest secure setting that would be best for society.
b. a program with the highest secure setting that would be best for the child.
c. a program with the least secure setting that would be best for society.
d. a program with the least secure setting that would be best for the child.
Secure pretrial holding facilities for juveniles are called ____.
a. boot camps
b. detention centers
c. jails
d. secure group homes
Physical distance is still a barrier to the frequency and degree of harm perpetrated by a
bully on his or her victim.
a. True
b. False
This case concluded that any injury resulting from the disclosure of a juvenile’s record
is outweighed by the right to completely cross-examine an adverse witness.
a. Alaska v. Davis
b. Roper v. Simmons
c. Oklahoma Publishing Co. v. District Court
d. Smith v. Daily Mail Publishing Co.
The report, written after another incident in school, stated that Jill had poor
problem-solving and anger management skills, would not accept blame for her
wrongdoings, and lacked impulse control. What recommendation was proposed for Jill?
a. Jill be placed in preventive detention
b. Jill be locked in a juvenile detention facility
c. Jill should receive cognitive behavioral therapy
d. No action be taken at this time
The 2009 Monitoring the Future survey reported that the use of _____ increased 42%
from the previous year for 10th-grade students.
a. Ecstasy
b. OxyContin
c. cigarettes
d. alcohol
What percentage of children arrested are referred to the juvenile court?
a. 33%
b. 50%
c. 70%
d. 90%
Of the following, which was reported as helping to protect girls at high risk for
delinquency from engaging in violent behavior?
a. School counselors
b. Religiosity
c. Mentors
d. Safe Harbor Program
Gangs are a recent phenomenon limited to the United States.
a. True
b. False
The link between parental conflict and delinquency was established more than 50 years
ago; that is, the child’s perception of the parent’s marital happiness was a significant
predictor of delinquency.
a. True
b. False
What philosophical viewpoint encourages the state to take control of wayward children
and provide care, custody, and treatment to remedy delinquent behavior?
a. Best interests of the child
b. Parens patriae
c. Wayward Minors Act
d. Child savers philosophy
Though juvenile institutions have improved dramatically over the decades, roughly
what percentage of these institutions reported being at capacity or overcrowded?
a. 10%
b. 50%
c. 5%
d. 25%
Establishing a school policy of locker searches and other related security activities is an
example of what kind of school-based prevention program?
a. Cognitive
b. Behavioral
c. Affective
d. Environmental
_____ seeks to make all aspects of the inmates’ environment part of their treatment and
to minimize differences between custodial staff and treatment personnel.
a. Milieu therapy
b. Community treatment
c. Guided group interactions
d. Behavior modification
Most juvenile officers have the same amount of discretion granted to them for both
adults and juveniles.
a. True
b. False
Liberal feminism asserts that females are less delinquent than males. What do they
assert provides females fewer opportunities to commit crimes?
a. Economic position
b. Maternal roles
c. Biological development
d. Social roles
According to one study, the cost to society of a single murder is as high as $10 million.
a. True
b. False
Out-of-court statements made by one person and recounted in court by another are
called direct evidence.
a. True
b. False
Over time, the use and abuse of drugs has either remained steady or even decreased.
a. True
b. False
As a means to deal with fear of peer rejection or loneliness, research indicates some
kids turn to crime.
a. True
b. False
Critical feminists also focus on forces that shape women’s lives and experiences to
explain female delinquency. What are these forces?
a. Economic
b. Political
c. Social
d. Academic
_____ determined that the Fourth Amendment applies to school searches.
a. New Jersey v. T.L.O.
b. Vernonia School District v. Acton
c. Kent v. United States
d. Thompson v. Oklahoma
The pledge system assumed that neighbors would protect each other from thieves and
warring groups.
a. True
b. False
What, according to Durkheim, undermines society’s social control function?
a. Strain
b. Frustration
c. Retreatism
d. Anomie
The adjudication is the trial stage of the juvenile court process.
a. True
b. False
Random phone calls generated by a computer in which the juvenile offender must
respond within a specified time is an example of what type of electronic monitoring?
a. Active
b. Passive
c. Noninvasive
d. Intrusive
What two areas do some experts associate with the violent delinquency rate between
1980 and 1990?
Describe the history of juvenile institutions.
Having five or more alcoholic beverages on the same occasion within the past 30 days
is called _____.
What occurs when a deviant event comes to the attention of significant others or social
control agents who apply a negative label?
The ______ is the oldest federal agency for children in the United States.
Explain Thrasher’s, Klein’s, and Miller’s definitions of gangs. Discuss their similarities
or differences.
____ are organized government or criminal groups that selectively kill members of
opposing groups and incite fear in those groups and their supporters.
What theory places more emphasis on the fact that behavior is linked less to personal
change and more to changes in the surrounding world?
By what distinction are delinquents and status offenders considered?
Drug abusers are also believed to exhibit psychopathic or sociopathic behavior
characteristics, forming what is called a/an _____.
Describe the concept of damaged identity. Explain why you agree or disagree with the
idea that once labels are applied, they increase the likelihood of persistent offending.
Discuss the relationship between peer relations and delinquency.
Experts argue that the key linkage between IQ and delinquency is the ability to
manipulate what type of concepts?
An attorney responsible for brining the state’s case forward against the accused juvenile
is called the _____.
On what are socialization views based?
A _____ ends litigation between two parties by determining all their rights and
disposing of all the issues.
Compare and contrast the age of criminal responsibility at the international level.
Explain your view of the age minimums and maximums.
What two factors stand out as encouraging recidivism?
What is formed when youths develop a full sense of the self, combining how they see
themselves and how they fit in with others?