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What, according to the experts, is strongly related to a child's law-violating behavior?
a. Substance abuse
b. Extended family
c. Broken home
d. Deviant friendship
Which of the following lowers the risk of engaging in delinquent acts by children living
in high-crime areas?
a. Having a mentor
b. Corporal punishment
c. Threats of incarceration
d. Effective parenting
The ______was set up to help improve the lives of young people at high risk for
delinquency, gang involvement, substance abuse and other problem behaviors.
a. Mobilization for Youth program (MOBY)
b. YMCA
c. Chicago Area Project
d. Children At Risk program (CAR)
The age at which youths begin their delinquent careers is called the age of onset.
a. True
b. False
According to the text, lacking a particular bond may foreshadow a condition in which
risk becomes a reasonable behavior alternative. A deficit in which of the following
bonds describes this outcome?
a. Attachment
b. Commitment
c. Involvement
d. Belief
During the Middle Ages high infant mortality rates kept parents from emotionally
bonding with their children.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is a drug prevention program designed to strengthen the bonds
between adults and children and provide opportunities for positive community
involvement?
a. SMART
b. Across Ages
c. Positive Action
d. Fast Track
According to the General Theory of Crime (GTC), the propensity to commit antisocial
acts is indirectly tied to a person's level of self-control.
a. True
b. False
As an adolescent, Mandy is undergoing dramatic changes in her height, weight, and
sexual characteristics; these changes are occurring at a rate much faster than she will
ever again experience in her lifetime. Through what type of change is Mandy going?
a. Biological
b. Educational
c. Psychological
d. Spiritual
The juvenile court has been a revolving door where Jill is concerned. The impulsivity in
her decision-making is the driving force for her participation in delinquent activities
and Jill's counselor remarked that at times she feels Jill's conduct is almost instinctual.
What theory best fits Jill's behaviors?
a. Biological theory
b. Routine activities theory
c. Choice theory
d. Trait theory
Clusters of youth who seem unified but actually have limited cohesion are called
_____.
a. near-groups
b. hustlers
c. Slangers
d. ballers
Ronda was happy that she had found the love of her life. She and Davida were going to
the prom in a month and needed to go shopping. Thinking she would surprise her,
Ronda bought flowers and went to Davida's house. Ronda caught Davida in bed with
another girl from school; Ronda became enraged. Before she knew what she was doing,
she killed Davida and the other girl; what did Ronda more than likely use to kill the two
girls?
a. Handgun
b. Knife
c. Blunt instrument
d. Shotgun
The "traditional family" could be considered something from the past; changing sex
roles have restructured the American family, expanding the role of women. What is the
process in which women are now playing a much larger role?
a. Social
b. Economic
c. Political
d. Parental
It is possible that ____ love can fill a void of lessening parental attachment, and
therefore result in less delinquent behavior.
a. romantic
b. adolescent
c. conflictual
d. puppy
Problem-oriented policing is also referred to as problem-solving policing.
a. True
b. False
Institutions in which educational and psychological services are used in an effort to
improve the conduct of juveniles who are forcibly detained are called _____.
a. foster homes
b. houses of refuge
c. reform schools
d. cottage systems
________ is a Canadian program implemented in a public housing development in
Ottawa that recruits low-income young people to participate in after-school activities.
a. Participate and Learn Skills (PALS)
b. Project PATHE
c. Quantum Opportunities Program
d. Juvenile Mentoring Program
What adaptation, according to Merton, is most closely associated with delinquency?
a. Conformity
b. Rebellion
c. Retreatism
d. Innovation
The effectiveness of mentoring programs, according to the text, has been shown to be
_____.
a. inconclusive, with some programs working and others not
b. most effective with older children
c. more effective than other programs
d. less effective than other programs
A vital feature that helps people desist from delinquency is "human agency."
a. True
b. False
According to control theory approach, articulated by Travis Hirschi, delinquents are
very attached to their peers.
a. True
b. False
Genetics, that is, the inherited traits of children from their parents, has been shown to
have little effect on the behavior of children.
a. True
b. False
The first Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was established in _____.
a. 1850
b. 1874
c. 1899
d. 1911
One view of gender differences lies in the interaction of three relationships. What are
these relationships?
a. Enculturation, physicality, socialization
b. Physicality, socialization, enculturation
c. Socialization, enculturation, learning
d. Learning, socialization, physicality
There is little relationship between educational achievement and economic
disadvantage.
a. True
b. False
In what country does criminal prosecution proceed only when the normal process of
public apology, compensation, and the victim's forgiveness breaks down?
a. Germany
b. Sweden
c. England
d. Japan
In the United States, 62% of students report any alcohol use; in the Czech Republic and
Latvia, the percentage of students reporting any alcohol use was ___.
a. much lower
b. unreported
c. much higher
d. about the same
A law enforcement philosophy that focuses on addressing the problems underlying
incidents of juvenile delinquency rather than the incidents themselves is called
__________.
a. strategic policing
b. police"community relations
c. tactical policing
d. problem-oriented policing
_____ is defined as having five or more alcoholic drinks on the same occasion on at
least five different days in the past 30 days.
a. Heavy drinking
b. Alcoholism
c. Binge drinking
d. Drastic drinking
Groups of youth who collectively engage in delinquent behaviors are called _____.
a. controversial status youth
b. gangs
c. Cliques
d. status groups
In ____ , the Supreme Court upheld the school's right to use corporal punishment.
a. Good News Club v. Milford Central School
b. Baker v. Owen
c. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
d. Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser
The United Nations in 1985 adopted the Standard Minimum Rules for the
Administration of Juvenile Justice, otherwise known as the Beijing Rules.
a. True
b. False
In re Gault established that the constitutional privileges against _____ applied equally
to adults as well as to juveniles.
a. the denial of jury trial
b. warrantless searches
c. racial bias
d. self-incrimination
Discuss the role of the school in delinquency prevention.
A strategy that emphasizes reducing fear and organizing the community is called _____.
Children who grow up in dysfunctional homes often exhibit delinquent behaviors,
having learned at a young age that _____ pays off.
Those countries recognized by the United Nations as being the poorest countries in the
world are referred to as _____ countries.
Discuss the decision to detain.
One reason for the rise in juvenile crime in Eastern Europe is its transition from
communism to ____.
What theory promotes the thought that learning occurs within intimate personal groups?
What often involves conforming to group norms that conflict with those of
conventional society?
In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court established that police may stop a suspect and search
for evidence without a warrant under certain circumstances.
According to Cohen, what are the standards by which teachers evaluate students'
behavior?
While there is evidence suggesting an association between mental disturbance and
delinquency, there are intervening variables that may account for the association. List
and describe these factors. Do you think these factors are enough to question the
validity of the psychodynamic theory? Support your position.
What three individual-level factors have been linked to antisocial behavior?
What is the process by which juvenile offenders continue in their delinquent careers
rather than aging out of crime?
Small groups of friends who share intimate knowledge and confidences are called ____.
In Europe, the main reason for an increase in teen violence is linked to a rise in ____.
What living conditions put children at risk of becoming substance abusers as well as
contracting sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS?
_____ are lab-created synthetics that are designed to get around existing drug laws.
_____ is the first step in the juvenile justice process.
Discuss the findings of the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine's Panel
on Juvenile Crime in regard to prevention and intervention programs. Do you agree or
disagree with the panel? Explain.
