Unlock document.
This document is partially blurred.
Unlock all pages and 1 million more documents.
Get Access
What is the single most effective preventive strategy against adult poverty?
a. Avoid gangs
b. Earn a college degree
c. Avoid substance abuse
d. Graduate from high school
Communities That Care would be an example of social ecology theory in action.
a. True
b. False
Curfews represent a form of ______.
a. problem-oriented policing
b. community-based policing
c. aggressive law enforcement
d. problem solving
_____ refers to the state's attempts to balance the parents' natural right to control their
child's upbringing with the child's right to grow into adulthood free from harm.
a. The child savers philosophy
b. Balancing-of-the-interests approach
c. The justice model approach
d. The juvenile justice approach
Fewer children are born today with health risks as compared to 1990.
a. True
b. False
After-school programs are designed to reduce criminal activity; research has found that
these programs do in fact reduce crime rates.
a. True
b. False
NCVS data tells us that teenage victimization is interracial.
a. True
b. False
The Public Health Approach is divided into primary prevention, secondary prevention,
and general prevention.
a. True
b. False
Research has linked ADHD to the onset and sustenance of a delinquent career.
a. True
b. False
Many adolescents who frequently sell drugs and often commit property and violent
crime are also members of gangs.
a. True
b. False
The task was to identify potential problems associated with a data source. One area of
concern the group identified was the inclusion of misinterpreted eventsfor example,
someone who lost his or her keys and reported the keys as stolen. What type of error
would this be known as?
a. Underreporting error
b. Sampling error
c. Overreporting error
d. Inadequate response format error
Which of the following is NOT one of the pressing issues facing the future of
delinquency prevention?
a. Ethical concerns over early intervention
b. The ease with which delinquency prevention programs have expanded
c. Labeling and stigmatization that target at-risk families
d. The long delays before early childhood programs show an impact on delinquency
Which is not one of the values common in male residential juvenile facilities?
a. Exploit whomever you can.
b. Don't rat on your peers.
c. Don't give in to others.
d. Play up to staff.
The House of Refuge was a care facility developed by the child savers to protect
potential criminal youths by taking them off the street and providing a family-like
environment.
a. True
b. False
Whose research is most closely aligned to concept of the chronic career offender?
a. The work of Sellin Thurston
b. The work of Marvin Wolfgang
c. The work of Mark Lipsey
d. The work of Steven Levitt
A stop-and-frisk is an example of _____.
a. aggressive law enforcement
b. a warrantless search
c. an illegal search
d. police discretion
An evaluation of the Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study found that the control group
committed more crime than those in the experimental group.
a. True
b. False
______ are defined as those conflicts that arise when law enforcement duties conflict
with an officer's desire to rehabilitate youthful offenders.
a. Role conflicts
b. Conflicts of duty
c. Service conflicts
d. Conflicts of conscience
How was the concept of parens patriaewas first used by English kings?
a. To intervene in the lives of children whose parents were peasants and unable to care
for them
b. To intervene in the lives of children who engaged in criminal acts
c. To intervene in the lives of children whose position and property were of direct
concern to the monarch
d. To intervene in the lives of children who were intellectually challenged and could not
care for themselves
Opportunity can be used to explain ecological variation in the delinquency rate.
a. True
b. False
Youths who are diagnosed with a psychological disorder may be required to undergo
therapy at a local mental health clinic; this disposition is considered to be a
commitment to a residential community program.
a. True
b. False
Which is not a factor linked to school violence?
a. Excessive feelings of rejection
b. Interest in school
c. Feelings of persecution
d. Serious threats of violence
The chances of an adolescent with weak academic skills and living in poverty obtaining
a college degree is close to 10%.
a. True
b. False
Meta-analysis refers to an analysis of collected findings from previously conducted
scientific studies that address a particular problem, synthesizing the evidence, and using
the collective evidence to address a particular scientific question.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is reported to take the worst toll on children?
a. Parental death
b. Parental arrest
c. Parental incarceration
d. Parental divorce
One area researchers have identified as correlated with delinquency is that of social
problems; rates of delinquency increase as the level of social problems increases.
Delinquency rates, according to researchers, have been correlated with which of the
following?
a. Unwed mothers
b. Single fathers
c. Unemployed mothers
d. Parents who are divorcing
In re Gault established that proof beyond a reasonable doubt be the standard by which
juveniles are found guilty.
a. True
b. False
The UCR uses three methods to express crime data.
a. True
b. False
Being out of school without permission is the definition of "truant."
a. True
b. False
The fear of shame can backfire or be neutralized.
a. True
b. False
The granting of discretion tends to bind the hands of law enforcement, compelling them
to follow strict procedures.
a. True
b. False
Tossing or flashing gang signs in the presence of rivals often escalates into verbal or
physical confrontation.
a. True
b. False
Experimentation with comprehensive community-based delinquency prevention began
with the ______.
a. Mobilization for Youth program (MOBY)
b. YMCA
c. Chicago Area Project
d. Children At Risk Program (CAR)
Instead of accumulating social capital, some youth experience social problems that
weigh down their life chances. These are referred to as turning points.
a. True
b. False
According to social conflict theory, what happens to society as different groups strive to
impose their will on others?
What theory links delinquency to biological and psychological characteristics that
control human development?
A significant number of delinquent youths have _____ fathers.
Discuss trait theory: When did this school of thought originate, when and why was the
theory abandoned, and what is the status of trait theory today? Include in your
discussion criminal atavism and its meaning. What are your views on trait theory?
Include a rationale for your view.
Describe how deviant sibling(s) may influence behavior.
According to Walter Miller, clinging to what promotes illegal or violent behavior?
Discuss the national estimate of costs related to juvenile violence.
Child protection agencies have been dealing with abuse and neglect since the _____.
According to some researchers, the general theory of crime is tautological. What is
meant by "tautological"?
Youths whose troubled family life leads them to seek immediate gratification without
consideration of right and wrong or the feelings of others are referred to as what type of
delinquents?
Wright and his associates found evidence that low self-control in children predicts
disrupted social bonds and delinquent offending later in life. What theory does this
finding support?
Discuss Delbert Elliott's research on the relationship between drug use/delinquency and
developmental problems.
Discuss childhood in American colonies. How was childhood in the colonies similar to
childhood in England? What reasons does the text offer to explain why there were so
few cases of reported child abuse during this time? Would you consider any of the
reasons that were offered similar to those offered today? Support your view.
A crucial aspect of delinquency research is the measurement of what two areas
associated with youth misbehavior?
The document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent, a status
offender, or a dependent and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile
is called the _____.
